发表机构
Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (Ministry of Education), Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University; CENTRA, Departamento de Física, Instituto Superior Técnico – IST, Universidade de Lisboa – UL; Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Shanghai University（山东大学前沿交叉科学研究院; 里斯本大学高等理工学院物理系CENTRA; 上海大学理学院物理学系）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究计算了含自相互作用的超辐射标量云产生的随机引力波背景，发现自相互作用可抑制信号并放宽现有约束，同时预测新一代探测器如ET和CE仍可探测到此类信号。
AI 中文摘要
引力波（GW）观测为探测新的基本场提供了强有力的探针。一个动机良好的来源是黑洞（BH）-玻色子云系统，其中超轻标量场通过超辐射在旋转黑洞周围形成云，并发射长寿命的近似单色引力波。在这项工作中，我们计算了此类系统产生的随机引力波背景（SGWB），通过包含标量自相互作用扩展了先前的工作，并讨论了其在新一代地面引力波探测器上的可探测性。我们发现自相互作用可以抑制SGWB，从而放宽现有LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA约束从零结果搜索中推断的限制。即，在设计灵敏度下，LIGO探测器对标量场产生的SGWB不敏感，这些标量场的衰变常数$f_\mathrm{s} \lesssim 3\times 10^{17}$ GeV，与标量场质量无关。展望未来，我们表明适度自相互作用的云仍可产生新一代探测器可探测的SGWB。在保守假设下，对于衰变常数$f_\mathrm{s} = 10^{17}$ GeV，爱因斯坦望远镜（ET）将对质量范围在$\sim[10^{-13.0},10^{-11.8}]$ eV内的标量敏感，而宇宙探索者（CE）将对质量范围在$\sim[10^{-13.2},10^{-11.7}]$ eV内的标量敏感。我们还发现，对于ET和CE，仍能产生可探测SGWB的最小衰变常数分别为$f_\mathrm{s}\sim 6\times10^{16}\\,$GeV和$\sim 3\times10^{16}\\,$GeV。
英文摘要
Gravitational-wave (GW) observations offer a powerful probe of new fundamental fields. One well-motivated source is black hole (BH)--boson cloud systems, in which an ultralight scalar field forms a cloud around a rotating BH via superradiance and emits long-lived nearly monochromatic GWs. In this work, we compute the stochastic GW background (SGWB) from such systems, extending previous work by including scalar self-interactions, and discuss its detectability with next-generation ground-based GW detectors. We find that self-interactions can suppress the SGWB and thereby relax existing LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA constraints inferred from null searches. Namely, the LIGO detectors at design sensitivity are insensitive to a SGWB produced by scalar fields with a decay constant $f_\mathrm{s} \lesssim 3\times 10^{17}$ GeV, independently of the scalar field mass. Looking ahead, we show that a moderately self-interacting cloud can still produce a detectable SGWB with next-generation detectors. Under conservative assumptions, for a decay constant $f_\mathrm{s} = 10^{17}$ GeV, the Einstein Telescope (ET) will be sensitive to scalar masses in the range $\sim[10^{-13.0},10^{-11.8}]$ eV, while Cosmic Explorer (CE) will be sensitive to scalar masses in the range $\sim[10^{-13.2},10^{-11.7}]$ eV. We also find that the minimum decay constants that still yield a detectable SGWB for ET and CE are $f_\mathrm{s}\sim 6\times10^{16}\,$GeV and $\sim 3\times10^{16}\,$GeV, respectively.
Comments12 pages, 3 figures
