发表机构
Istanbul Medipol University（伊斯坦布尔梅迪波尔大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
针对Wi-Fi感知易受欺骗攻击的问题，提出一种轻量级标签嵌入方案，通过叠加秘密标签实现物理层认证，在10dB信噪比下达到95%正确认证率，且对传统接收机仅引入0.52dB额外误差，提供向后兼容的安全防护。
AI 中文摘要
受持续进行的标准化工作推动，Wi-Fi感知最近已成为无线局域网（WLAN）内一项有前景的功能。然而，由于使用标准空数据包（NDP）来估计信道，传统Wi-Fi感知系统容易受到欺骗攻击。为应对这一威胁，我们提出了一种轻量级标签嵌入方案，该方案能够实现对感知信号的物理层认证（PLA）。具体而言，一个秘密标签被叠加到正交频分复用（OFDM）信道探测信号上，使得合法WLAN接收机能够验证信号真实性并检测欺骗传输。每次传输都会生成一个唯一标签以避免重放攻击，并且每个标签的子载波占用是随机化的，以最小化每个子载波上的平均信道估计误差。仿真结果表明，在信噪比（SNR）为10dB时，所提方案实现了95%的正确认证率的可靠认证性能，同时在不知道嵌入标签的传统接收机处仅引入0.52dB的额外信道估计误差。因此，我们提出的方案提供了一种有效且向后兼容的对抗欺骗攻击的对策，增强了未来Wi-Fi感知系统的可信度。
英文摘要
Driven by ongoing standardization efforts, Wi-Fi sensing has recently emerged as a promising functionality within wireless local area networks (WLANs). However, due to the use of standard null-data packets (NDPs) to estimate the channel, conventional Wi-Fi sensing systems are susceptible to spoofing attacks. To counter this threat, we propose a lightweight tag-embedding scheme that enables physical layer authentication (PLA) of sensing signals. Specifically, a secret tag is superimposed onto the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) channel sounding signal, allowing legitimate WLAN receivers to verify signal authenticity and detect spoofed transmissions. A unique tag is generated for each transmission to avoid replay attacks, and the subcarrier occupancy of each tag is randomized to minimize the mean channel estimation error at each subcarrier. Simulation results demonstrate reliable authentication performance with a 95% correct authentication rate at a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 10dB, while introducing an additional channel estimation error of only 0.52dB at legacy receivers that are unaware of the embedded tag. Thus, our proposed scheme provides an effective and backward-compatible countermeasure against spoofing attacks, enhancing the trustworthiness of future Wi-Fi sensing systems.
Journal refIEEE Wireless Communications Letters, vol. 15, pp. 3636-3640, 2026
