发表机构
Tsinghua University; Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington（清华大学; 华盛顿大学保罗·G·艾伦计算机科学与工程学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文通过预言机分离证明，在量子计算经典通信模型中，经典Minicrypt中签名与单向函数及比特承诺的等价关系崩溃，并开发了随机相位态分析技术。
AI 中文摘要
经典地，众所周知，几个基础密码学原语，包括单向函数、伪随机数生成器、承诺和签名，刻画了同一个密码学世界，即所谓的“Minicrypt”。在本文中，我们研究了在量子计算经典通信（QCCC）设置中，这一图景在多大程度上得以保持，其中各方可以执行量子本地计算，但仅通过经典消息进行通信。我们通过预言机分离证明了经典Minicrypt景观在QCCC模型中崩溃。我们构造了两个预言机世界，其中存在可高效验证的单向谜题（EV-OWPuzz）。通过一个已知的等价性，QCCC一次性签名在这两个世界中也都存在。在第一个世界中，即使允许量子伪确定性评估，单向函数也不存在。在第二个世界中，QCCC比特承诺不存在。因此，从签名到单向函数和比特承诺的经典Minicrypt归约在QCCC设置中没有完全黑盒对应物。我们的证明开发了分析随机相位态的技术，包括一个集中定理和一个LOCC解耦定理，这些可能具有独立的意义。
英文摘要
Classically, it is well-known that several fundamental cryptographic primitives, including one-way functions, pseudorandom number generators, commitments, and signatures, characterize the same cryptographic world, which is known as "Minicrypt". In this paper, we investigate to what extent this picture persists in the quantum-computation classical-communication (QCCC) setting, where parties may perform quantum local computation, but communicate through only classical messages. We demonstrate that the classical Minicrypt landscape breaks down in the QCCC model by oracle separations. We construct two oracle worlds where efficiently verifiable one-way puzzles (EV-OWPuzz) exist. By a known equivalence, QCCC one-time signatures also exist in both worlds. In the first, one-way functions do not exist, even if we allow quantum pseudodeterministic evaluation. In the second, QCCC bit commitments do not exist. Thus, the classical Minicrypt reductions from signatures to one-way functions and bit commitments have no fully black-box counterparts in the QCCC setting. Our proofs develop techniques for analyzing the random phase states, including a concentration theorem and an LOCC decoupling theorem. As a separate result, we establish quantum sum-binding for the NOVY protocol, settling the question of its post-quantum security. We also generalize it to a fully black-box construction of a QCCC commitment from EV-OWPuzz with nearly uniform puzzle distribution, complementing our oracle separation results.
