偏微分方程先验的高效消息传递方法
Efficient Message Passing for Partial Differential Equation Priors
AI总结:
本文提出基于因子图概率推断的消息传递方法求解PDE,无需采样或全局优化,在平流和Fisher-KPP方程上精度与基线相当,不确定性结构更接近HMC,训练时间最多减少10倍。
AI中文摘要:
现实世界物理量的先验信息最优雅地通过偏微分方程(PDEs)来表达。在本文中,我们提出了一种利用因子图上的概率推断来求解偏微分方程的新方法。一般而言,因子图提供了一种将先验知识作为显式因子编码到模型中的自然方式;在此,这一知识由控制方程(PDE)提供,它缩小了解空间,而观测数据则进一步塑造了参数上的后验分布。近似参数后验通过基于矩匹配的消息传递进行推断,无需后验采样或基于全局梯度的优化。我们在一阶平流方程和二阶半线性Fisher-KPP方程上展示了我们的方法,在这些方程上,它达到了与标准基线相当的预测精度,同时提供了结构化的预测不确定性。此外,与评估的平均场变分推断基线相比,推断得到的后验边际均值和不确定性结构与使用哈密顿蒙特卡洛方法获得的结果更为接近,而在我们的实验中,训练时间最多减少了10倍,推断速度与变分推断相当。
英文摘要:
Prior information for real-world physical quantities is most elegantly expressed via partial differential equations (PDEs). In this paper, we propose a novel way to solve PDEs using probabilistic inference on a factor graph. In general, factor graphs provide a natural way to encode prior knowledge into a model as explicit factors; here, this knowledge is provided by a governing PDE, which narrows the solution space, while observed data further shape the posterior over the parameters. The approximate parameter posterior is inferred using message passing based on moment matching, without posterior sampling or global gradient-based optimization. We demonstrate our approach on the first-order advection and the second-order semi-linear Fisher-KPP equations, where it achieves predictive accuracy comparable to a standard baseline while providing structured predictive uncertainty. Moreover, the inferred posterior marginal means and uncertainty structure match more closely those obtained using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo than the evaluated mean-field variational inference baseline, while requiring up to 10x less training time in our experiments, with inference speed comparable to variational inference.