TESS振荡光谱自动化分析揭示$\delta$ Scuti星中的多重规则频率间隔

中文摘要 AI 辅助

快速自转的$\delta$ Scuti星的振荡光谱难以解释，因为自转会同时改变模式的频率和空间结构。尽管理论研究预测声学模式应组织成近似等间隔的频率序列，但对此类模式的系统性搜索一直受限于缺乏可扩展且统计上稳健的检测方法。我们提出了一种自动化统计框架，用于识别恒星振荡光谱中近似等间隔的模式序列，并量化每个候选检测的显著性。我们将该方法应用于由凌星系外行星巡天卫星（TESS）观测到的4,681颗$\delta$ Scuti星的振荡光谱。分析在大量恒星中识别出规则模式序列，并在许多情况下揭示了同一振荡光谱内存在多个独立的规则频率间隔。虽然规则序列的存在与快速自转声学模式的理论预期大致一致，但多个不相似间隔的出现无法用当前模型轻易解释。已知岛模族之间声学传播时间的差异似乎不足以解释观测到的间隔多样性，这表明额外的模式族或其他物理效应有助于$\delta$ Scuti星振荡光谱的组织。我们的结果为在大型恒星巡天中研究规则模式序列提供了一个可扩展的框架，并为快速自转星的振荡提供了新的观测约束。

英文摘要

The oscillation spectra of rapidly rotating $δ$ Scuti stars are difficult to interpret because rotation modifies both the frequencies and spatial structure of the modes. Although theoretical studies predict that acoustic modes should organize into approximately equally spaced frequency sequences, systematic searches for such patterns have been limited by the absence of scalable, statistically robust detection methods. We present an automated statistical framework for identifying approximately equally spaced mode sequences in stellar oscillation spectra while quantifying the significance of each candidate detection. We apply this method to oscillation spectra of 4,681 $δ$ Scuti stars observed by the \textit{Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite} (TESS). The analysis identifies regular mode sequences in a large number of stars and, in many cases, reveals multiple independent regular frequency spacings within the same oscillation spectrum. While the existence of regular sequences is broadly consistent with theoretical expectations for rapidly rotating acoustic modes, the occurrence of multiple dissimilar spacings is not readily explained by current models. Differences in acoustic travel times between known island-mode families appear insufficient to account for the observed diversity of spacings, suggesting that additional mode families or other physical effects contribute to the organization of oscillation spectra of $δ$ Scuti stars. Our results provide a scalable framework for studying regular mode sequences in large stellar surveys and new observational constraints on oscillations in rapidly rotating stars.

发表机构

• Tata Institute of Fundamental Research（塔塔基础研究所）
• Indian Institute of Astrophysics（印度天体物理研究所）
• LIRA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Universit’e, Universit’e Paris Cit’e, CY Cergy Paris Universit’e, CNRS（拉伊尔实验室，巴黎天文台，巴黎文理研究大学，索邦大学，巴黎西岱大学，塞吉-蓬图瓦兹大学，法国国家科学研究中心）

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