饼状涡旋液滴在偶极分子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中的研究
Pancake-shaped vortex droplets in dipolar molecular BECs
- Foshan University（佛山大学）
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology（莫斯科物理技术学院）
- Technion（以色列理工学院）
- Dongguan University of Technology（东莞理工学院）
- Tel Aviv University（特拉维夫大学）
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá（塔拉帕卡大学高级研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
本研究在偶极分子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中提出饼状涡旋量子液滴，证明强各向异性偶极相互作用可维持稳定涡旋态，并揭示其结构分裂、碰撞动力学及符号依赖的调控响应。
AI中文摘要：
各向异性相互作用深刻影响量子流体中的拓扑激发。受微波屏蔽极性分子研究最新进展的启发，我们引入了具有内嵌涡旋性的饼状量子液滴（QDs）形式的自束缚模式，这些模式由强各向异性偶极-偶极相互作用维持。单电荷（$S=1$）涡旋的稳定区域与基态量子液滴（$S=0$）的稳定区域几乎重合，展示了涡旋态的鲁棒性。系统的强各向异性将$S=2$涡旋量子液滴的核心（枢轴）分裂为分离的单一核心。$S=2$态的角动量和稳定性受到单一核心之间分离距离的影响。对于足够大的粒子数和核心间分离距离，具有$S>2$的高电荷涡旋量子液滴也是稳定的。另一方面，具有$S=\pm 1$的束缚涡旋-反涡旋对是不稳定的。涡旋量子液滴之间的正面碰撞表现出不同的动力学区域，包括反弹、合并和碎裂。调节偶极相互作用的柱对称分量揭示了显著的符号依赖响应：正调节保持自束缚涡旋，而负调节则驱动膨胀和碎裂。结果表明，微波修饰的分子量子液滴为实现自束缚涡旋态提供了鲁棒平台，展示了强各向异性如何重塑其结构、稳定性和动力学。
英文摘要：
Anisotropic interactions profoundly affect topological excitations in quantum fluids. Motivated by recent advances in the studies of microwave-shielded polar molecules, we introduce self-trapped modes in the form of pancake-shaped quantum droplets (QDs) with embedded vorticity, which are maintained by strongly anisotropic dipole-dipole interactions. The stability region of singly charged ($S=1$) vortices nearly coincides with that of the ground-state QDs ($S=0$), demonstrating the robustness of the vortex states. The strong anisotropy of the system splits the core (pivot) of vortex QDs with $S=2$ into separated unitary ones. The angular momentum and stability of the state with $S=2$ are affected by the separation between the unitary cores. Higher-charge vortex QDs with $S>2$ are stable too, for sufficiently large particle numbers and inter-core separations. On the other hand, bound vortex-antivortex pairs with $S=\pm 1$ are unstable. Head-on collisions between the vortex QDs exhibit distinct regimes, including rebound, merger, and fragmentation. Tuning the cylindrically symmetric component of the dipolar interaction reveals a pronounced sign-dependent response: positive tuning preserves the self-bound vortex, whereas negative tuning drives expansion and fragmentation. The results demonstrate that the microwave-dressed molecular QDs offer a robust platform for the realization of self-trapped vortex states, demonstrating how the strong anisotropy reshapes their structure, stability, and dynamics.
