氢，我的爱

中文摘要 AI 辅助

未来环形对撞机（FCC）预计的年均耗电量为1.3太瓦时。如果完全由核能供应，这将约占一座大型第三代核反应堆年产出的10%，并产生相应份额的放射性废物。然而，到2050年，在基本脱碳的欧洲电网中，可再生能源可通过长期购电协议和灵活运行提供高达80%的该电力。这可将剩余的核能需求及其相关废物减少多达五倍。本文探讨氢能否帮助弥合剩余的低风力和低太阳能发电时期。它考察了可再生电力制氢、以氢或氨形式运输、储存及再转化为电能的过程，及其效率损失和碳足迹。随后考虑了天然氢这一仍不确定的前景。这些途径均未提供现成解决方案。但在FCC开始运行前的几十年里，仍有时间开发一种方案——而欧洲核子研究中心（CERN）可通过成为可信的长期客户来加速这一开发。

英文摘要

The FCC's projected average electricity consumption is 1.3 TWh per year. If supplied entirely by nuclear power, this would represent about 10% of the annual output of a large third-generation nuclear reactor, together with a corresponding share of its radioactive waste. By 2050, however, renewable sources could provide up to 80% of this electricity on a substantially decarbonised European grid, supported by long-term power-purchase agreements and flexible operation. This could reduce the residual nuclear requirement, and its associated waste, by up to a factor of five. This essay asks whether hydrogen could help bridge the remaining periods of low wind and solar generation. It examines production from renewable electricity, transport as hydrogen or ammonia, storage and conversion back into electricity, together with their efficiency losses and carbon footprints. It then considers the still uncertain prospect of naturally occurring hydrogen. None of these routes offers a ready-made solution. But the decades before the FCC begins operation leave time to develop one--and CERN could help accelerate that development by becoming a credible long-term customer.

发表机构

• Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY（德国电子同步加速器）
• Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin（柏林洪堡大学）
• CERN（欧洲核子研究组织）

机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。