发表机构
Institute for Advanced Physics（高级物理研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文针对Hegerfeldt定理引发的粒子定域化与坍缩公设问题，通过系综解释阐明基本原理，解决理论表观矛盾，并给出错误结果的新例证。
AI 中文摘要
Hegerfeldt定理表明，在量子力学和狭义相对论的非常一般的假设下，粒子（或场）的定域化是不可能的。该定理及其后续发展和相关定理迫使人们对理论及其使用的正确理解提出深刻问题。特别是，坍缩公设的使用受到质疑。粒子的存在甚至定域场的存在都受到质疑。而这反过来又挑战了局域测量。它通常迫使人们考虑由坍缩公设产生的深刻问题甚至错误结果。我们给出了这样一个错误结果的一个定性新例子。研究人员和学生 alike 都被这些基本问题所困扰。学生掌握材料的能力，甚至他们对物理学的兴趣，都可能被这些令人不安的难题所损害，这些难题似乎使物理学，至少是量子场论（QFT）及其量子力学（QM）极限，显得不可理解甚至不一致。本文通过应用量子力学的自然（最小）解释（系综解释），并阐明和澄清QM及Hegerfeldt定理及其在测量中应用所使用的基本原理和前提，以本科生可理解的方式解决了这些问题。
英文摘要
Hegerfeldt's theorem shows that the localization of a particle (or field) is not possible under very general assumptions of quantum mechanics and special relativity. This theorem, and further developments and associated theorems force penetrating questions on the proper understanding of the theory and its use. In particular, the use of the collapse postulate is called into question. The existence of particles and even localized fields are called into question. And, this in turn challenges local measurements. It generally forces one to consider the profound problems and even wrong results that arise from the collapse postulate. We give a qualitatively new example of such a wrong result. Researchers and students alike are bothered by these fundamental issues. Students' ability to learn the material, and even their interest in physics, can be compromised by such disturbing conundra that seem to make physics, or at least QFT and its QM limit, seem incomprehensible and even inconsistent. This article resolves these issues in a way accessible to undergraduates, by applying the natural (minimal) interpretation of quantum mechanics (QM) (the ensemble interpretation) and explicating and clarifying the basic principles and premises used in QM and the Hegerfeldt theorem and its application to measurements.
Comments23.05 pages
