AI 中文总结
研究揭示电视新闻中分屏框架降低女国会议员的感知能力，动态视频中愤怒语言更损其温暖度，影响其可见性与能力认知。
AI 中文摘要
女性在国会中的比例停滞在30%以下。这种制度性代表不足反映在她们在电视新闻中的有限可见性上，而视觉呈现可以塑造感知能力和权威。然而，研究更多地告诉我们女国会议员是否出现，而不是她们如何被视觉框架呈现。对2011年至2021年CNN和福克斯新闻的695,464个图像-文本片段进行面部识别分析，揭示女国会议员在分屏镜头中出现比例过高，而非单独镜头。两项预注册实验共有6,220名参与者，表明在静态画面中，分屏框架降低了女国会议员的感知政治能力，但对男国会议员没有影响。在动态视频中，能力惩罚消失；相反，愤怒语言对女国会议员感知温暖度的降低幅度大约是男国会议员的三倍。暗示性证据（p =.057）表明，女性观众在观看女国会议员单独出现后，报告更高的外部政治效能感。我们得出结论，视觉框架同时塑造了女国会议员的中介可见性和她们被感知的能力。
英文摘要
Women's presence in Congress has stalled below 30%. That institutional underrepresentation is mirrored by their limited visibility on televised news, where visual presentation can shape perceived competence and authority. Yet research tells us more about whether congresswomen appear than how they are visually framed. Facial recognition analysis of 695,464 image-text segments from CNN and Fox News (2011-2021) reveals that congresswomen appear disproportionately in split-screen rather than solo shots. Two pre-registered experiments with 6,220 participants show that, in static frames, split-screen framing reduces congresswomen's perceived political competence, but not congressmen's. In dynamic videos, the competence penalty disappears; instead, outraged language reduces a congresswoman's perceived warmth roughly three times as much as a congressman's. Suggestive evidence (p = .057) indicates that women viewers report greater external political efficacy after watching a congresswoman appear alone. We conclude that visual framing shapes both congresswomen's mediated visibility and their perceived capabilities.
Comments36 pages, 3 figures, plus 25-page online appendix (included). Under review
