发表机构
ZHAW School of Management and Law; Kozminski University（苏黎世应用科学与艺术大学管理学院与法学院; 科兹明斯基大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文通过苏联哈萨克斯坦1929-1933年强制定居游牧民的案例，揭示组织面对环境无序时依赖蛮力却遭复杂制度抵抗，最终失败但人力代价持久。
AI 中文摘要
组织可能将其环境中的无序视为一种威胁，这种威胁会阻碍预期目标的实现。在这种情况下，组织可能变得一心一意、执着，并依赖蛮力试图使外部环境屈从于其意志。这些努力可能因组织与环境中的其他行动者之间感知到的权力不平衡而得以实现，但也可能因制度领域中其他组织的复杂性而受阻。本文考察了1929年至1933年间苏联哈萨克斯坦的一个此类例子，当时全联盟共产党推行了一项针对游牧民族的定居化政策。在残酷的镇压政策下，强制将游牧民迁移到集体农庄，各级苏联官僚机构在实现其目标时认为没有任何政策是禁区，但持续遭遇到哈萨克游牧主义中固有的复杂组织形式所带来的抵抗。利用档案文件、哈萨克人的证词以及这一时期的逮捕记录，我展示了苏联机器究竟是如何从机器中拉出魔鬼，以及最终这些机器注定失败的过程。然而，强制迁移的人力成本仍在延续。
英文摘要
Organizations may perceive disorder in their environment as a threat which can impede the attainment of desired goals. In such a situation, organizations may become single minded, obsessed, and rely on brute force to attempt to bend the external environment to their will. These efforts may be enabled by perceived power imbalances between the organization and other actors in the environment, but they may also be stymied by the complexity of other organizations in the institutional field. This paper examines such an example in Soviet Kazakhstan from 1929 to 1933, when the All Union Communist Party pursued a policy of sedentarization of the nomadic people. Forcibly migrating nomads to collective farms under a brutal policy of repression, the Soviet bureaucracy at all levels saw no policy as off-limits to achieving its goals but continued to run up against resistance from the complex organizational forms inherent in Kazakh nomadism. Using archival documents, testimonies from Kazakhs, and arrest records from this time period, I show just exactly how the Soviet apparatus pulled the devil from the machine and how, ultimately, the machines were doomed to failure. However, the human cost of forced migration continues to linger.
