绕过混合经典-量子系统的不可能性定理:混合范霍夫理论的(反)例证
Bypassing no-go theorems on mixed classical-quantum systems: the (counter)example of hybrid van Hove theory
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文提出基于范霍夫酉表示的希尔伯特空间方法重构经典力学,并扩展至混合经典-量子系统,证明其能绕过相关不可能性定理,通过代数结构保持与实例验证其有效性。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
受混合量子-经典混合理论模型的启发,我们考虑基于范霍夫对接触变换的酉表示,将经典可观测量表示为希尔伯特空间算子。这导致了对经典力学的一种重构,其中相空间密度满足刘维尔方程,更重要的是,经典可观测量由范霍夫算子表示,这些算子满足一个与相空间中函数的经典泊松代数同构的对易代数。因此,这种希尔伯特空间方法捕捉了经典力学相空间表述的所有基本特征,因为它再现了其代数结构——这是其他方法如库普曼-冯诺依曼理论所未能实现的。作为一个重要特征,在这种形式主义中定义适当的物理状态对经典波函数的相位施加了某些自然要求,这确保了可观测量的正确期望值。此外,我们讨论了如何将该方法扩展到混合经典-量子系统的混合范霍夫理论,并以相互作用的经典和量子振子为例说明其应用。最后,我们聚焦于混合范霍夫理论如何绕过关于混合经典-量子系统的不可能性定理这一问题,并指出这些不可能性定理的各个假设不适用于我们的方法。这表明这些不可能性定理并非普遍适用,与其最初的声称相反。
英文摘要
Motivated by models of mixed quantum-classical hybrid theories, we consider the representation of classical observables as Hilbert-space operators based on van Hove's unitary representation of contact transformations. This leads to a reformulation of classical mechanics where the phase space density satisfies the Liouville equation and, more importantly, classical observables are represented by van Hove operators that satisfy a commutation algebra isomorphic to the classical Poisson algebra of functions in phase space. Thus, this Hilbert space approach captures all the essential features of the phase space formulation of classical mechanics in that it reproduces its algebraic structure -- something that is not achieved by other approaches such as the Koopman-von Neumann theory. As an important feature, the definition of appropriate physical states in this formalism imposes certain natural requirements on the phase of the classical wave function, which ensure correct expectation values for the observables. Furthermore, we discuss how to extend the approach to the hybrid van Hove theory of mixed classical-quantum systems and illustrate its application with the example of interacting classical and quantum oscillators. Finally, we focus on the question of how hybrid van Hove theory evades no-go theorems on mixed classical-quantum systems and point to the various assumptions of the no-go theorems that do not apply to our approach. This demonstrates that these no-go theorems are not universally applicable, contrary to their original claims.
发表机构
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt(德国联邦物理技术研究院)
- Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas(弗朗西斯科·何塞·德·卡拉斯区立大学)
- Institut für Mathematische Physik, Technische Universität Braunschweig(布伦瑞克工业大学数学物理研究所)
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