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arXiv 2609.31205cs.DMcs.CCmath.CO

正规 $\{a,b\}$-边赋权的复杂性、近似与扩展

Complexity, approximation, and extension of proper $\{a,b\}$-edge-weightings

Péter Madarasi, Máté Simon

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中文总结 AI 辅助

研究正规 $\{a,b\}$-边赋权的判定、近似与扩展问题,证明其判定在简单三次平面图上 NP 完全,给出平面多重图的精确算法和 EPTAS,并证明扩展问题在树上可多项式求解。

中文摘要 AI 辅助

对于不同的整数 $a$ 和 $b$,一个 $\{a,b\}$-边赋权将每条边赋值为 $a$ 或 $b$,并通过关联边的权重之和标记每个顶点。若相邻顶点获得不同的标记,则称这样的赋权是正规的。我们证明,对于每一对固定的不同整数,判定是否存在正规赋权在简单三次平面图上也是 NP 完全的。对于具有 $m$ 条边的平面多重图,我们给出一个精确的 $2^{O(\sqrt m)}$ 时间算法,并且在指数时间假设(ETH)下,排除在简单三次平面图上存在 $2^{o(\sqrt m)}$ 时间算法。因此,局部不规则 2-边着色在简单三次平面图上是 NP 完全的,在该类 $n$ 顶点图上承认确定性 $2^{O(\sqrt n)}$ 时间算法,并且在 ETH 下不存在 $2^{o(\sqrt n)}$ 时间算法。对于最大化连接不同标记顶点的边数,我们在平面多重图上给出确定性高效多项式时间近似方案(EPTAS),在多重图上给出多项式时间 $1/2$ 近似,并且即使在简单三次图上也是 APX 完全的。将部分 $\{a,b\}$-边赋权扩展为正规赋权,对于每一对固定的整数,即使在简单三次平面二部图上也是 NP 完全的,而在树上可在多项式时间内求解。即使规定的边形成长度为 $6$ 的不相交路径,且每条路径的所有边具有相同的规定权重,困难性仍然存在。

英文摘要

For distinct integers $a$ and $b$, an $\{a,b\}$-edge-weighting assigns $a$ or $b$ to each edge and labels each vertex by the sum of its incident weights. Such a weighting is proper if adjacent vertices receive distinct labels. We prove that, for every fixed pair of distinct integers, deciding whether a proper weighting exists is NP-complete even for simple cubic planar graphs. On planar multigraphs with $m$ edges, we give an exact $2^{O(\sqrt m)}$-time algorithm and, assuming the Exponential Time Hypothesis (ETH), exclude $2^{o(\sqrt m)}$-time algorithms even for simple cubic planar graphs. As a consequence, locally irregular $2$-edge-coloring is NP-complete on simple cubic planar graphs, admits a deterministic $2^{O(\sqrt n)}$-time algorithm on $n$-vertex graphs in this class, and admits no $2^{o(\sqrt n)}$-time algorithm under ETH. For maximizing the number of edges joining vertices with distinct labels, we give a deterministic efficient polynomial-time approximation scheme (EPTAS) on planar multigraphs, a polynomial-time $1/2$-approximation on multigraphs, and APX-completeness even on simple cubic graphs. Extending a partial $\{a,b\}$-edge-weighting to a proper one is NP-complete for every fixed pair even on simple cubic planar bipartite graphs, while it is polynomial-time solvable on trees. The hardness persists even when the prescribed edges form disjoint paths of length $6$ and all edges of each path have the same prescribed weight.

发表机构

  • HUN-REN Alfréd Rényi Institute of Mathematics(匈牙利科学院阿尔弗雷德·雷尼数学研究所)
  • ELTE Eötvös Loránd University(厄特沃什·洛兰德大学)

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