发表机构
The University of Tokyo; The Canon Institute for Global Studies（东京大学; 佳能全球研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文提出耦合使用-意义过程（CUSP），通过边际保持的时间过程从词汇语义变化中同时提取变化幅度、时间、机制、运动、模式及文本证据，并在合成与真实语料上验证其有效性。
AI 中文摘要
词汇语义变化通常通过独立采样的时期分布之间的标量距离来概括。这衡量了一个词变化了多少，但不能揭示它何时变化、哪些机制和成分运动推动了变化，或哪些用法支持了归因。我们引入了耦合使用-意义过程（CUSP），它从单一边际保持的时间过程中得出这些答案。层级耦合通过潜在使用成分关联上下文分布，而马尔可夫组合使相邻和更远跨度的对应关系兼容。位移算子量化变化幅度和时间，将变异精确分解为成分中心的移动和成分内部的重组，并将其归因于转移的成分对。词局部模式解析了变化的不同方向及其随时间活动，而归因成分的代表性段落将分析扎根于文本。在高斯混合特化下，我们证明了算子和平方距离的参数恢复。合成实验支持预测的速率。CUSP在英语和德语的DWUG上保持竞争力，并恢复了受控的Janus轮廓，同时维持组合连贯的转移。美国法院意见的大规模语料库展示了未标记自然文本中的转变、模式和段落归因。因此，CUSP使幅度、时间、机制、运动、模式和文本证据成为单一词汇历史的兼容视图。
英文摘要
Lexical semantic change is usually summarized by a scalar distance between independently sampled period distributions. This measures how much a word changed, but does not reveal when it changed, which mechanisms and component movements carried the change, or which usages support the attribution. We introduce Coupled Usage--Sense Processes (CUSP), which derives these answers from a single marginal preserving temporal process. A hierarchical coupling relates contextual distributions through latent usage components, while Markov composition makes adjacent and longer span correspondences compatible. Displacement operators quantify change magnitude and timing, split variation exactly between movement of component centers and reorganization within components, and attribute it to transported component pairs. Word-local modes resolve distinct directions of change and their activity over time, while representative passages from attributed components ground the analysis in text. Under a Gaussian mixture specialization, we prove parametric recovery of the operators and squared distances. Synthetic experiments support the predicted rate. CUSP remains competitive on English and German DWUG and recovers controlled Janus profiles while maintaining compositionally coherent transport. A large corpus of US court opinions demonstrates transition, mode, and passage attribution in unlabeled natural text. CUSP thus makes magnitude, timing, mechanism, movement, modes, and textual evidence compatible views of one lexical history.
