活性粒子在弯曲表面上运动的临界逃逸动力学
Critical escape dynamics of an active particle moving on curved surfaces
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf(杜塞尔多夫大学)
- University of Göttingen(哥廷根大学)
- King’s College London(伦敦国王学院)
- University of Rome La Sapienza(罗马第一大学)
机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。
AI总结:
本研究探讨活性粒子在弯曲表面上的临界逃逸动力学,发现自推进速度达到临界值时发生动力学转变,逃逸速率遵循普适标度律,指数取决于势或曲率与重力作用,并通过数值模拟验证。
AI中文摘要:
在宏观尺度上,在复杂环境中运动的活性(自推进)物体通常受到周围表面曲率和重力等外部影响的双重作用。我们研究了活性布朗粒子在两种设置下的克拉默斯逃逸问题:仅由梯度力驱动的外部势中的运动,以及在额外恒定重力作用下弯曲流形上的运动。在不存在平移噪声的情况下,当自推进速度$v_0$达到逃逸所需的临界速度$v_c$时,会发生一个尖锐的动力学转变。超过该阈值,逃逸速率$k$遵循一个普适标度形式,$k \propto \exp\left[-\mathrm{const}(v_0-v_c)^{-\gamma}\right]$,其中在势中逃逸的指数为$\gamma=3/2$,而在重力作用下弯曲流形上逃逸的指数为$\gamma=1/2$。这些不同的指数揭示了活性、表面曲率和重力之间的相互作用如何决定临界逃逸动力学。我们的理论预测通过数值模拟得到了验证。
英文摘要:
On the macroscopic scale, active (self-propelled) objects moving through complex environments are often subject to effects arising from both the curvature of the surrounding surface and external influences such as gravity. We study the Kramers escape problem for active Brownian particles in two settings: motion in an external potential driven solely by gradient forces, and motion on a curved manifold subject to an additional constant gravitational force. In the absence of translational noise, a sharp dynamical transition occurs when the self-propulsion velocity $v_0$ reaches a critical velocity $v_c$ required for an escape. Above this threshold, the escape rate $k$ follows a universal scaling form, $k \propto \exp\left[-\mathrm{const}(v_0-v_c)^{-γ}\right]$, with an exponent $γ=3/2$ for the escape in a potential and $γ=1/2$ for the escape on a curved manifold in the presence of gravity. These distinct exponents reveal how the interplay of activity, surface curvature, and gravity determines the critical escape dynamics. Our theoretical predictions are verified by numerical simulations.