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arXiv 2609.30424cond-mat.stat-mechmath-phmath.MP

随机运动的统一描述与广义福克-普朗克方程

Unified description of random motions and generalized Fokker-Planck equations

  • Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche(复杂系统研究所-意大利国家研究委员会)
  • Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma(罗马智慧大学物理系)

机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。

Luca Angelani

AI总结:

本综述统一描述多种随机运动,基于福克-普朗克类方程与通用函数$\varphi(s)$,推导出布朗、活性、扩散及重置/俘获等动力学,并给出解与均方位移,通过时间变换过程阐释其物理意义。

AI中文摘要:

本综述在统一框架内考察了多种类型的随机运动,以教学方式介绍了必要的数学工具,包括特殊函数和分数阶微积分。我们聚焦于由福克-普朗克类方程描述的一维空间中的广义随机运动,其基本解在拉普拉斯-傅里叶域中通过一个通用函数$\varphi(s)$呈现为普遍且简单的形式。通过探索与物理约束一致的$\varphi(s)$函数形式,我们推导出一大类随机动力学。这包括布朗运动和活性运动、简单扩散和反常扩散,以及具有随机重置或俘获机制的过程。对于每种情况,我们提供了相应的动力学方程、显式解(如可得)以及均方位移及其渐近行为。最后,我们通过时间变换过程和从属过程的视角讨论这些运动的物理解释。

英文摘要:

This review surveys diverse types of random motion within a unified framework, introducing essential mathematical tools, including special functions and fractional calculus, in a pedagogical manner. We focus on generalized random motions in one-dimensional space described by Fokker-Planck like equations, whose fundamental solutions take a universal and simple form in the Laplace-Fourier domain in terms of a generic function $φ(s)$. By exploring the functional forms of $φ(s)$ consistent with physical constraints, we derive a broad class of stochastic dynamics. This includes Brownian and active motion, simple and anomalous diffusion, and processes featuring stochastic resetting or trapping mechanisms. For each case, we provide the corresponding kinetic equation, explicit solutions (where available), and mean-square displacements alongside their asymptotic behaviors. Finally, we discuss the physical interpretation of these motions through the lens of time-changed processes and subordinators.

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