尾巴与轨迹：彗星和近地天体在鲁宾早期数据预览2中的共叠加中幸存
Tails and Trails: Comets and NEOs Survive Co-addition in Rubin Early Data Preview 2
- University of Washington（华盛顿大学）
- Northern Arizona University（北亚利桑那大学）
- National Centre for Nuclear Research（国家核研究中心）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
该研究利用鲁宾天文台EDP2浅层共叠加图像，通过Ponder和Sorcha工作流识别彗星活动与近地天体轨迹，发现新活动彗星并验证了浅层数据的科学价值。
AI中文摘要：
我们在NSF-DOE维拉·C·鲁宾天文台早期数据预览2（EDP2）的深共叠加图像中识别出有效的单次访问成像。这些浅层区域仅包含一次或两次贡献访问，提供了在2026年底完整数据预览2（DP2）发布之前获取单次访问深度成像的机会。我们开发了一个工作流程，利用我们的Ponder编排器与Sorcha巡天模拟器预测已知太阳系小天体的位置，并使用鲁宾科学平台（RSP）识别浅层共叠加并提取图像切片，从而在这些数据中定位已知的小太阳系天体。由于彗星活动和近地天体（NEO）轨迹产生扩展形态，两者在浅层共叠加中仍然可识别。从约700个彗星和活动天体切片中，我们识别出59次活动探测，涵盖32个天体。我们发现了2025 NC6的活动，此前未知其活跃性；首次报告了2008 QZ44的近日点前活动；并通过活动独立重新发现了已知彗星243P/NEAT和510P/Boattini。我们还恢复了336个近地天体切片，其中29个预测轨迹长度超过25像素。我们提供了随附的图库和表格数据，并强调99P/Kowal 1、510P和303P/NEAT作为立即后续观测的目标。浅层共叠加是鲁宾数据中相对未开发的方面，其应用超出了此处展示的太阳系示例：具有不同贡献访问次数的区域将在时空遗产巡天（LSST）中持续存在。
英文摘要：
We identify effectively single-visit imaging hidden within the deep co-added images of the NSF-DOE Vera C. Rubin Observatory Early Data Preview 2 (EDP2). These shallow regions contain only one or two contributing visits, providing access to single-visit-depth imaging ahead of the full Data Preview 2 (DP2) release in late 2026. We develop a workflow to locate known small Solar System bodies in these data, using our Ponder orchestrator with the Sorcha survey simulator to predict their positions and the Rubin Science Platform (RSP) to identify shallow coadds and extract image cutouts. Because cometary activity and near-Earth-object (NEO) trails produce extended morphologies, both remain identifiable in these shallow coadds. From approximately 700 comet and active-object cutouts, we identify 59 activity detections spanning 32 objects. We discover activity in 2025 NC6, previously unknown to be active; identify the first reported pre-perihelion activity of 2008 QZ44; and independently rediscover known comets 243P/NEAT and 510P/Boattini through their activity. We also recover 336 NEO cutouts, including 29 with predicted trails longer than 25 pixels. We provide accompanying galleries and tabular data, and highlight 99P/Kowal 1, 510P, and 303P/NEAT as targets for immediate follow-up. Shallow coadds are a relatively unexplored facet of Rubin data with applications beyond the Solar System examples presented here: regions with varying numbers of contributing visits will persist throughout the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST).
