利用开放公交数据规划集成太阳能光伏的电动公交系统：达喀尔快速公交案例研究

中文摘要 AI 辅助

城市公交系统的电动化预计将因其明显的环境效益而加速推进。然而，有效的电动公交部署需要规划工具来支持关于电动化战略的决策，同时平衡运营可行性、成本、环境效益以及对当地电网的影响。此类规划依赖于详细的公交数据，而这些数据在许多城市，尤其是发展中国家，仍然稀缺。为解决这一缺口，我们提出了GTFS4EV，一个开源框架，利用公开可用的通用公交数据规范（GTFS）数据来模拟公交运营并评估电动化场景。该框架在多个维度提供定量洞察。它估算每辆公交所需的最小车载电池容量，以及充电基础设施需求、经济和环境影响，以及太阳能光伏集成的潜力。我们将该框架应用于达喀尔快速公交系统，比较了三种充电策略（“仅车场”、“终点站和车场”以及“仅终点站”）在不同光伏容量水平下的表现。结果表明，与“仅车场”策略相比，“终点站和车场”策略将每辆公交的最小车载电池容量从285千瓦时降至57千瓦时，最大充电负荷从5.3兆瓦降至1.5兆瓦。“仅终点站”策略相比“仅车场”也提供了益处，尽管它需要更大的车载电池容量（155千瓦时）。此外，将机会充电与太阳能光伏相结合，相比仅电网充电，可将充电成本降低高达46%。该研究展示了如何利用GTFS数据在数据稀缺的环境中支持电动公交规划和光伏集成。

英文摘要

Electrification of urban bus systems is expected to accelerate due to its clear environmental benefits. However, effective electric bus deployment requires planning tools that can support decision-making on electrification strategies while balancing operational feasibility, costs, environmental benefits, and impacts on the local electricity grid. Such planning depends on the availability of detailed transit data, which remain scarce in many cities, particularly in developing countries. To address this gap, we present GTFS4EV, an open-source framework that uses publicly available General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) data to simulate bus operations and evaluate electrification scenarios. The framework provides quantitative insights across multiple dimensions. It estimates the minimum onboard battery capacity required for each bus, alongside charging infrastructure needs, economic and environmental impacts, and the potential for solar photovoltaic integration. We apply the framework to the Dakar Bus Rapid Transit system, comparing three charging strategies ("Depot only", "Terminal and depot" and "Terminal only") across different levels of PV capacities. Results show that the "Terminal and depot" strategy reduces the minimum onboard battery capacity from 285 to 57 kWh per bus, and the maximum charging load from 5.3 to 1.5 MW relative to the "Depot only" strategy. The "Terminal only" also provides benefits compared to the "Depot only", although it requires larger onboard battery capacities (155 kWh). Moreover, combining opportunity charging with solar photovoltaics reduces the charging costs by up to 46% relative to grid charging only. The study demonstrates how GTFS data can be leveraged to support electric bus planning and photovoltaic integration in data-scarce contexts.

发表机构

• École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)（洛桑联邦理工学院）
• Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar（达喀尔谢赫安塔·迪奥普大学）
• Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique（高等理工学院）

机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。