自旋极化磁性金属电极用于磁性隧道结
Spin-Polarized Magnetic Metal Electrodes for Magnetic Tunnel Junctions
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University（北京航空航天大学材料科学与工程学院）
- State Key Laboratory of Tropic Ocean Engineering Materials and Materials Evaluation, Beihang University（热带海洋工程材料与材料评价国家重点实验室，北京航空航天大学）
- The Analysis & Testing Center, Beihang University（北京航空航天大学分析测试中心）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
本文从磁有序视角审视磁性隧道结电极材料，比较铁磁体、反铁磁体和交变磁体的隧穿极化机制，提出有效极化是动量、轨道、对称性和界面分辨的输运性质，并强调将非常规自旋极化转化为实用隧穿功能。
AI中文摘要：
磁性隧道结是自旋电子存储器、传感和计算的基础组件，其性能关键取决于磁性金属电极。本展望文章通过磁有序和产生自旋选择性隧穿的独特微观机制的视角审视电极材料。传统铁磁体（包括CoFeB和半金属Heusler合金）支持交换劈裂电子态和对称滤波隧穿，而补偿共线和非共线反铁磁体利用子晶格选择性、自旋轨道各向异性、矢量自旋纹理和磁多极子。交变磁体提供基于对称性允许的动量依赖自旋劈裂的共线、零净磁矩路径。在这些材料类别中，我们比较了隧穿极化的起源、势垒衰减态和界面终止的作用，以及电写入和读取相关磁有序的策略。这种比较揭示了一个更广泛的设计原则：有效的电极极化不是标量体性质，而是动量、轨道、对称性和界面分辨的输运性质。除了追求更大的隧穿磁电阻外，未来的进展将取决于将新兴磁性金属的非常规自旋极化转化为在现实界面处电可寻址、热稳定且可复现的隧穿功能。
英文摘要：
Magnetic tunnel junctions are foundational components of spintronic memory, sensing, and computing, and their performance depends critically on the magnetic metallic electrodes. This Perspective examines electrode materials through the lens of magnetic order and the distinct microscopic mechanisms that generate spin-selective tunneling. Conventional ferromagnets, including CoFeB and half-metallic Heusler alloys, support exchange-split electronic states and symmetry-filtered tunneling, whereas compensated collinear and noncollinear antiferromagnets exploit sublattice selectivity, spin-orbit anisotropy, vector spin textures, and magnetic multipoles. Altermagnets provide a collinear, zero-net-moment route based on symmetry-allowed momentum-dependent spin splitting. Across these material classes, we compare the origins of tunneling polarization, the roles of barrier evanescent states and interface termination, and strategies for electrically writing and reading the relevant magnetic order. This comparison reveals a broader design principle: effective electrode polarization is not a scalar bulk quantity, but a momentum-, orbital-, symmetry-, and interface-resolved transport property. Beyond the pursuit of ever larger tunneling magnetoresistance, future progress will depend on converting the unconventional spin polarization of emerging magnetic metals into electrically addressable, thermally robust, and reproducible tunneling functionality at realistic interfaces.
