发表机构
School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study; Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University（高等研究院自然科学学院; 普林斯顿大学天体物理科学系）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文分析潮汐瓦解事件中吸积流翘曲的三种观测特征（红化光学色、延迟X射线上升、X射线耀发回响），并提出初步观测证据，认为其可提供强引力效应的最清晰天文信号。
AI 中文摘要
我们分析了潮汐瓦解事件中产生的吸积流中全局翘曲的可能观测特征及其演化。这些翘曲是由吸积盘旋转轴与黑洞自转轴之间的错位所产生的伦斯-瑟林力矩驱动的。在之前的一篇论文中，我们认为这些全局翘曲在潮汐瓦解事件吸积流进入演化晚期的薄盘阶段时应当普遍存在。我们分离出翘曲的三种可能观测特征：（i）异常的（红化的）晚期光学颜色，由内流对翘曲外盘的辐照加热所致；（ii）延迟的X射线上升，源于翘曲流逐渐与自转轴对齐时，内盘缓慢暴露给远处观测者；（iii）湍流X射线耀发在耀发状态下内盘加热外盘时，回响为光学/紫外频率。我们提出了初步的观测证据，表明这三种效应可能已在潮汐瓦解事件系统中被观测到。对潮汐瓦解事件的观测很可能为导致吸积盘翘曲的强引力效应提供最清晰的天文特征，并为理解翘曲吸积盘演化的不足提供独特约束。
英文摘要
We analyze the possible observational signatures and evolution of global warps in the accretion flows produced in tidal disruption events. These warps are driven by Lense-Thirring torques resulting from the misalignment of the disk's rotation axis and the black hole's spin axis. In a previous paper we argued that these global warps should be generically present in TDE accretion flows as they enter a late-time thin disk phase of evolution. We isolate three possible observational signatures of warps: (i) anomalous (reddened) late time optical colors, resulting from irradiative heating of the warped outer disk by the inner flow, (ii) delayed X-ray rises, resulting from the inner disk being slowly revealed to a distant observer as the warped flow gradually aligns with the spin axis, and (iii) reverberation of turbulent X-ray flares into optical/UV frequencies as the inner disk heats the outer disk during a flaring state. We present preliminary observational evidence that all three effects may have already been observed in TDE systems. Observations of TDEs may well offer the cleanest astronomical signatures of the strong-gravity effects which cause disk warping, and provide unique constraints on the poorly understood evolution of warped accretion disks.
Comments42 pages, 24 figures. Submitted to ApJ
