非厄米多模干涉测量
Non-Hermitian multimode interferometry
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Lancaster University（兰卡斯特大学物理与天文学学院）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
本文通过用非厄米谐振器替代传统分束器，为迈克尔逊和马赫-曾德尔干涉仪引入基于例外点的多模干涉机制，实现非解析相消干涉与明暗条纹拓扑调控，为通用精密传感提供平台无关的新范式。
AI中文摘要：
干涉仪构成了精密测量的基石，利用波叠加和相位相干性将微小的物理扰动转化为可测量的强度变化。在此，我们确立了如何通过用精心设计的非厄米谐振器替代传统分束器，为典范的干涉仪架构——即经典的迈克尔逊和马赫-曾德尔干涉仪——赋予全新的工作原理。为了揭示非厄米物理如何助力干涉测量，我们对这些典范干涉仪进行了现代非厄米对称性分析。当谐振器和干涉路径共同诱导部分缺陷的谱简并（在数学上表征为多模形式的例外点）时，一种根本性转变的干涉景观便会出现。这些例外干涉仪的关键特征是非解析的相消干涉条件，从而产生由非厄米缠绕和编织拓扑组织的明条纹与暗条纹两种不同的工作区。通过揭示例外点辅助干涉如何重塑经典几何结构，我们的发现将非厄米光谱学的核心范式转移到干涉测量领域，并将例外点干涉测量确立为一种与平台无关的新型通用精密传感范式，适用于从片上光子学到宏观天文台的各类场景。
英文摘要：
Interferometers form a cornerstone of precision measurement, leveraging wave superposition and phase coherence to convert minute physical perturbations into measurable intensity variations. Here, we establish how paradigmatic interferometric architectures, the canonical Michelson and Mach-Zehnder interferometers, can be endowed with entirely new operating principles by replacing conventional beam splitters with judiciously designed non-Hermitian resonators. To uncover how non-Hermitian physics can assist in interferometry, we subject these canonical interferometers to a modern non-Hermitian symmetry analysis. A fundamentally transformed interference landscape then arises when the resonators and interference pathways collectively induce partially deficient spectral degeneracies, mathematically characterized as multimode versions of exceptional points. Key characteristics of these exceptional interferometers are nonanalytic destructive interference conditions, resulting in distinct bright-fringe and dark-fringe operating regimes organized by non-Hermitian winding and braiding topology. By revealing how exceptional-point-assisted interference reshapes the canonical geometries, our findings transfer central paradigms of non-Hermitian spectroscopy into the interferometric setting, and establish exceptional-point interferometry as a new platform-independent paradigm for general-purpose precision sensing, applicable from on-chip photonics to macroscopic observatories.
