发表机构
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM（艾克斯-马赛大学，法国国家科学研究中心，法国国家空间研究中心，拉格朗日实验室）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本综述总结XRISM等观测对AGN内吸积盘超快外流物理性质与能量的最新认识，并展望NewAthena等设施揭示其反馈宿主星系的机制。
AI 中文摘要
超快外流（UFOs）从活动星系核（AGN）的内吸积盘发射，是驱动其宿主星系中AGN反馈的主要候选机制之一。因此，确定其物理性质和能量学对于评估它们对星系演化的影响至关重要。本综述重点介绍了近期的观测进展，特别强调了高分辨率X射线光谱学带来的突破性见解。首次X射线成像与光谱任务（XRISM）/Resolve对AGN风的观测揭示，最内层UFOs在运动学上具有结构性和非均匀性。在典型类星体PDS 456中，这些观测导致了对推断的质量外流率、动量通量和动能功率的大幅向上修正。互补的紫外、光学、红外和毫米波观测追踪了AGN驱动外流从秒差距到星系尺度的电离、原子和分子相。然而，吸积盘风与星系外流之间的物理耦合仍然是AGN反馈中尚未解决的主要问题之一。基于开创性的XRISM结果，NewAthena的X射线积分场单元（X-IFU）将以前所未有的精度表征从本地宇宙到宇宙正午的吸积盘风的物理性质和能量学，而利用极大望远镜（ELT）、詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜（JWST）、阿塔卡马大型毫米/亚毫米阵列（ALMA）和平方公里阵列（SKA）等设施的互补多波长观测将确定它们的能量和动量是否以及如何转移到宿主星系。
英文摘要
Ultra-fast outflows (UFOs), launched from the inner accretion disc in active galactic nuclei (AGN), are among the prime candidates for driving AGN feedback in their host galaxies. Determining their physical properties and energetics is therefore essential for assessing their impact on galaxy evolution. This review highlights recent observational progress, with particular emphasis on the groundbreaking insights enabled by high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy. The first X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM)/Resolve observations of AGN winds have revealed that the innermost UFOs are kinematically structured and inhomogeneous. In the archetypal quasar PDS 456, these observations have led to a substantial upward revision of the inferred mass outflow rate, momentum flux and kinetic power. Complementary UV, optical, IR and mm observations trace the ionised, atomic and molecular phases of AGN-driven outflows from parsec to galactic scales. However, the physical coupling between the accretion-disc wind and the galactic outflows remains one of the major unresolved questions in AGN feedback. Building on the pioneering XRISM results, NewAthena's X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) will characterise the physical properties and energetics of accretion-disc winds with unprecedented precision from the local Universe up to cosmic noon, while complementary multi-wavelength observations with facilities such as the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), and Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will determine whether and how their energy and momentum are transferred to the host galaxy.
Comments6 pages, 1 figure (two panels). Proceedings contribution based on an invited review presented in Session 20 at the 2026 Annual Meeting of the French Society of Astronomy and Astrophysics (SF2A), held in June 2026; limited to six pages
