发表机构
Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC); European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC)（安达卢西亚天体物理研究所; 欧洲空间局欧洲航天天文中心）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文综述径向速度法探测系外行星的技术原理、局限与进展，分析三个公开数据集，并汇编光谱仪与开源工具，为研究者提供全面指南。
AI 中文摘要
径向速度（RV）技术使得围绕类太阳恒星运行的系外行星首次被发现成为可能。此后，精度和灵敏度的提高使得探测更小的行星成为可能，使我们更接近在未来几年内发现地球类似物的目标。在本章中，我们概述了径向速度方法。我们首先对该技术进行详细描述，包括如何测量精确的径向速度，以及为实现对小信号的可靠探测必须解决哪些局限性。我们考察了与环双星行星探测相关的独特挑战，并概述了首次使得利用径向速度方法探测此类行星成为可行的发展。迄今已探测到超过2000颗行星，径向速度方法仍然是最可靠的技术之一，为系外行星的族群特征，尤其是在长轨道距离上的行星，提供了宝贵的见解。作为其应用的一个例子，我们对三个公开可用的径向速度数据集进行了分析和解释：一个来自单颗恒星，一个来自环双星行星系统，另一个来自具有凌星行星的单颗恒星。此外，我们汇编了目前和即将在全球范围内可用于径向速度观测的光谱仪信息，以及专为其分析设计的开源工具列表。在补充材料中，我们包含了一份获取径向速度数据的望远镜观测提案示例，以及关于撰写有竞争力提案的实用技巧，以帮助进入该领域的早期职业研究人员。本章作为理解径向速度方法能力和应用的全面指南，使读者具备利用该技术解决自身科学问题的知识和资源。
英文摘要
The radial velocity (RV) technique enabled the discovery of the first exoplanets orbiting Sun-like stars. Since then, improvements in precision and sensitivity have enabled the detection of smaller planets, bringing us closer to the goal of discovering Earth analogs in the coming years. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the radial velocity method. We begin with a detailed description of the technique, including how precise radial velocities are measured and what limitations must be addressed to achieve reliable detection of small signals. We examine the unique challenges associated with the detection of circumbinary planets and outline the developments that have, for the first time, made their detection feasible using the radial velocity method. With over 2,000 planets detected to date, the radial velocity method remains one of the most reliable techniques, offering valuable insights into the demographics of exoplanets, especially at long orbital distances. As an example of its applications, we provide an analysis and interpretation of three publicly available radial velocity datasets: one from a single star, one for a circumbinary planet system, and another from a single star with transiting planets. Furthermore, we compile information on the spectrographs currently and soon-to-be available worldwide for radial velocity observations and a list of open-source tools designed for their analysis. In the Supplementary Material, we include a sample telescope proposal for obtaining radial velocity data, along with practical tips on writing a competitive proposal to aid early-career researchers entering the field. This chapter serves as a comprehensive guide for understanding the capabilities and applications of the radial velocity method, equipping readers with the knowledge and resources to address their own scientific questions using this technique.
CommentsThis work is a peer-reviewed chapter contribution to an edited volume
