时间变化散射系统中对称性破缺的观测

中文摘要 AI 辅助

从希格斯机制到磁有序，自发对称性破缺在多个尺度上组织着物理学。类似的转变是否支配着由周期性驱动结构散射的波，这仍然是一个未解决的实验挑战。在此，我们展示了一个周期性驱动的有限散射系统中的普适对称性破缺转变。通过测量强调制微波谐振器的多光谱Floquet散射矩阵，我们观察到一个从散射特征值模相等的未破缺对称性区域，到其模发生分裂的破缺对称性区域的转变，该转变经过一个例外点。在参数共振处，这一转变达到相干完美吸收的极致，其中定制的多光谱输入态被完全吸收而无出射辐射，这是潜在转变的奇异极限。由于该转变源于Floquet散射矩阵的一般代数结构，而非特定实现细节，它应在此类系统中广泛出现。与体驱动介质中的不稳定性现象不同，它出现在一个耦合多个频率通道波的有限散射算子的特征结构中。我们的结果确立了Floquet散射作为一个实验可及的平台，用于观测驱动光子系统中的对称性破缺和动态波控制。

英文摘要

From the Higgs mechanism to magnetic ordering, spontaneous symmetry breaking organizes physics across scales. Whether an analogous transition governs waves scattered by periodically driven structures has remained an open experimental challenge. Here we demonstrate a universal symmetry-breaking transition in a periodically driven finite scattering system. By measuring the multispectral Floquet scattering matrix of a strongly modulated microwave resonator, we observe a transition from an unbroken symmetry regime with scattering eigenvalues of equal modulus to a broken symmetry regime where their moduli split apart, through an exceptional point. At parametric resonance, this transition culminates in coherent perfect absorption, where a tailored multispectral input state is completely absorbed without outgoing radiation, the singular limit of the underlying transition. Because it arises from the general algebraic structure of the Floquet scattering matrix rather than from implementation-specific details, this transition should occur broadly in such systems. Unlike instability phenomena in bulk driven media, it emerges in the eigenstructure of a finite scattering operator that couples waves across multiple frequency channels. Our results establish Floquet scattering as an experimentally accessible platform for the observation of symmetry breaking and for dynamic wave control in driven photonic systems.

发表机构

• Universidad Autónoma de Madrid（马德里自治大学）
• Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien)（维也纳工业大学）
• University of Exeter（埃克塞特大学）

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