双脉冲星计时：三维太阳系加速度计与未知源探针
Binary-pulsar Timing: A 3D Solar-System Accelerometer and Unknown-Source Probe
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文利用26颗双脉冲星计时数据重建太阳系质心三维加速度，并给出方向性上限，同时扩展至两端点响应以约束未知引力源质量，显著优于现有基准。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
太阳系质心（SSB）的加速度为局部引力环境提供了独特的精密探针，使得能够搜寻诸如第九行星和附近（原初）黑洞等原本不可见的引力源。利用双脉冲星计时测量，我们开发了一个分析框架，该框架结合了26颗双脉冲星的视线方向差分加速度，以联合重建太阳系质心的三维加速度并给出方向性上限。在三个平滑的银河系势基线上，残余加速度与零一致。我们获得了方向性95%置信上限，分别为0.198、0.262和0.693微角秒每年，覆盖50%、75%和所有采样方向。这些上限分别比匹配的Gaia EDR3基准严格3.5倍、3.6倍和1.6倍，并将先前的脉冲星约束改进了超过一个数量级。我们进一步将该框架扩展到完整的太阳系质心-脉冲星两端点响应，从而能够对未知引力源给出直接依赖于位置的质量约束。在相同的天区覆盖比例下，一个10倍太阳质量的天体在0.39、0.34和0.21秒差距内被排除。我们的未知质量上限在0.2秒差距之外超越了潮汐等效的INPOP19a参考，在1秒差距处的大部分天区上约改进一个数量级。
英文摘要
The acceleration of the Solar System barycenter (SSB) offers a unique precision probe of the local gravitational environment, enabling searches for otherwise invisible gravitating sources such as Planet Nine and nearby (primordial) black holes. Using the binary-pulsar timing measurements, we develop an analysis framework that combines the line-of-sight differential accelerations of 26 binary pulsars to jointly reconstruct the three-dimensional acceleration of the SSB and place directional upper limits. Across three smooth Galactic-potential baselines, the residual acceleration is consistent with zero. We obtain directional 95\% upper limits of $0.198$, $0.262$, and $0.693~μ\mathrm{as}\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$ over 50\%, 75\%, and all sampled directions, respectively. These limits are tighter by factors of 3.5, 3.6, and 1.6 than a matched Gaia EDR3 benchmark and improve previous pulsar constraints by more than an order of magnitude. We further extend the framework to the full SSB--pulsar two-endpoint response, enabling direct position-dependent mass constraints on unknown gravitational sources. A $10\,M_\odot$ object is excluded within 0.39, 0.34, and 0.21 pc over the same sky fractions. Our unknown-mass limits surpass the tidal-equivalent INPOP19a reference beyond 0.2 pc by about an order of magnitude over most of the sky at 1 pc.
发表机构
- Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院紫金山天文台）
- University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
