噪声量子计算前沿的基础物理
Fundamental Physics at the Frontier of Noisy Quantum Computation
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本论文在噪声量子计算前沿推进基础物理研究，通过改进量子模拟算法、误差缓解及误差管理，首次提供非弹性粒子产生的数值证据，并探索纠缠与魔幻性在散射和强子化中的作用，迈向容错量子模拟。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
量子计算为研究基础物理提供了一种新的、正交的方向，超越了经典数值方法和传统可观测量。要实现这一潜力，必须直接面对当前量子计算机的噪声限制。进展依赖于算法、结果解释和误差管理的协同推进。本论文介绍了在利用量子模拟和量子信息探索基础物理方面的若干进展。第一项进展是利用量子计算机模拟量子场论中的碰撞。这些模拟的核心是新的波包制备、时间演化和误差缓解技术，这些技术使得模拟具有迄今为止最大的有效电路体积之一。这些方法实现了首次提供非弹性粒子产生数值证据的量子模拟，这是基础物理中的一个关键过程。第二项进展聚焦于量子信息论量在物理过程中的作用。除了与过程物理的简单相关性外，纠缠和魔幻性被证明可以探测散射和强子化动力学中的相互作用。精确研究需要完全量化算法和硬件不确定性，这是量子模拟成熟过程中的一个突出目标。本论文的第三项进展涉及误差管理。提出了一个最小化模拟量子模拟中算法误差影响的框架。在迈向容错的步骤中，编码量子模拟中的误差检测被证明相对于未编码运行能改进局部可观测量的估计。总之，本论文的进展标志着在实现能够进行科学发现的容错量子模拟基础物理方面取得了实际进展。
英文摘要
Quantum computing offers a new, orthogonal direction for investigating fundamental physics, extending beyond classical numerical methods and conventional observables. Realizing this potential requires directly confronting the noise limiting currently available quantum computers. Progress rests on advancing algorithms, interpreting their results, and managing their errors together. This thesis presents several advancements in the use of quantum simulation and quantum information to probe fundamental physics. The first is in the use of quantum computers to simulate collisions in quantum field theories. Central to these simulations are new wavepacket preparation, time evolution, and error mitigation techniques, which allow for simulations with some of the largest effective circuit volumes to date. These methods enable the first quantum simulation providing numerical evidence for inelastic particle production, a key process in fundamental physics. The second advancement centers on the role quantum-information-theoretic quantities play in physical processes. Beyond mere correlations with the physics of the process, entanglement and magic are shown to probe the interactions present in scattering and hadronization dynamics. A precision study requires a complete quantification of algorithmic and hardware uncertainties, an outstanding goal as quantum simulations mature. The third advancement in this thesis addresses error management. A framework minimizing the effect of algorithmic errors in analog quantum simulations is presented. In a step toward fault tolerance, error detection in encoded quantum simulations is shown to improve estimation of local observables relative to unencoded runs. Together, the developments in this thesis mark practical progress toward fault-tolerant quantum simulations of fundamental physics capable of scientific discovery.
