发表机构
University of Minnesota（明尼苏达大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该研究提出一个基于物理的通用模型，预测球体层流中的剪切应力和表面压力分布，涵盖连续介质与稀薄状态，并验证其广泛适用性。
AI 中文摘要
针对球体上的层流，开发了一个基于物理的通用模型，用于描述剪切应力和表面压力的分布。尽管积分系数已被广泛研究用于球体，但它们无法捕捉控制多相流和颗粒负载流中传热、相变和质量损失等现象的局部表面分布。该模型取决于球体的流动状态（$Re_\infty$、$M_\infty$、$Kn_\infty$）、局部气体性质（$\gamma$、$\omega$、$Pr$）以及表面条件（$T_w/T_0$、$\sigma_t$、$\sigma_n$）。该公式结合了边界层缩放、流动分离、激波物理、速度滑移效应和高速稀薄效应，同时在蠕流、高超声速和自由分子极限中恢复了已知的渐近行为。所提出的模型在连续介质和稀薄状态下，使用文献中的CFD和DSMC模拟进行了验证。在连续介质状态下，将其与不同表面温度下亚音速、超音速和高超音速条件下空气流过球体的CFD模拟进行了比较。该模型在广泛的$Re_\infty$、$M_\infty$和$T_w/T_0$范围内很好地捕捉了CFD分布。在稀薄状态下，将其与单原子气体中球体在亚音速和超音速条件下、具有完全漫反射和部分表面调节的DSMC模拟进行了比较。该模型在广泛的$M_\infty$和$Kn_\infty$范围内与模拟的剪切应力和表面压力分布吻合良好，同时准确捕捉了球体周围的表面调节效应。
英文摘要
A general physics-based model for the distribution of shear stress and surface pressure is developed for laminar flow over spheres. Although integral coefficients have been studied extensively for spheres, they do not capture the local surface distributions that govern phenomena such as heat transfer, phase change, and mass loss in multiphase and particle-laden flows. The model depends on the flow regime of the sphere ($Re_\infty$, $M_\infty$, $Kn_\infty$), local gas properties ($γ$, $ω$, $Pr$), and surface conditions ($T_w/T_0$, $σ_t$, $σ_n$). The formulation incorporates boundary-layer scaling, flow separation, shock-wave physics, velocity-slip effects, and high-speed rarefaction, while recovering the known asymptotic behavior in the creeping-flow, hypersonic, and free-molecular limits. The proposed model is validated in the continuum and rarefied regimes using CFD and DSMC simulations from literature. In the continuum regime, it is compared with CFD simulations of flow over a sphere in air under subsonic, supersonic, and hypersonic conditions with varying surface temperatures. The model captures the CFD distributions very well over a wide range of $Re_\infty$, $M_\infty$, and $T_w/T_0$. In the rarefied regime, it is compared with DSMC simulations of flow over a sphere in a monatomic gas under subsonic and supersonic conditions with fully diffuse and partial surface accommodation. It shows good agreement with the simulated shear stress and surface pressure distributions over a wide range of $M_\infty$ and $Kn_\infty$, while accurately capturing the effects of surface accommodation around spherical bodies.
