AI 中文总结
SPARX报告针对月球南极-艾特肯盆地样本返回任务，提出优先科学目标、测量要求与设计参考任务，旨在变革月球科学并推动可持续月球探索。
AI 中文摘要
从月球南极-艾特肯盆地（SPA）返回样本已被公认为二十多年来最高优先级的月球科学任务，在之前的两份行星科学十年调查文件（2003-2012年新前沿，2013-2022年愿景与航行）中被推荐为新前沿级任务，并在2023-2032年起源、世界与生命十年调查中被列为月球发现与探索计划（LDEP）的优先任务。南极-艾特肯盆地因其规模、古老性以及位于月球背面的独特组合，成为检验近60年月球科学假说的理想目标目的地。应起源、世界与生命十年调查建议，NASA召集了SPARX报告，该报告对南极-艾特肯盆地样本返回任务的优先科学目标、测量要求、实施架构和设计参考任务进行了分析。本报告中提出的任务概况利用了远程地表探测技术、美国商业航天工业以及月球南极地区持续人类存在与探索的计划性重点方面的关键进展。本报告中提出的科学目标和测量概述了一项任务，该任务将变革月球科学，将在太阳系中唯一能够可信地解决这些问题的地方解决多个高层十年科学问题，将为21世纪行星表面探索开辟新范式，将利用蓬勃发展的太空经济以更具成本效益的方式开展开创性科学，并将机器人探索与人类探索相结合，为未来可持续月球事业树立典范。
英文摘要
Sample return from South Pole-Aitken Basin (SPA) on the Moon has been recognized as the highest priority lunar science mission for well over two decades, appearing as a recommended New Frontiers class mission in the two previous Planetary Science Decadal Survey documents (2003-2012 New Frontiers, 2013-2022 Visions and Voyages), and as a prioritized mission for the Lunar Discovery and Exploration Program (LDEP) in the 2023-2032 Origins, Worlds, and Life Decadal Survey. The South Pole-Aitken basin presents the ideal target destination to test nearly 60 years of lunar science hypotheses owing to a unique combination of its size, antiquity, and location on the lunar farside. Convened by NASA in response to OWL Decadal Survey recommendations, the SPARX report provides analysis on prioritized science objectives, measurement requirements, implementation architectures, and a design reference mission for a South Pole-Aitken basin sample return mission. The mission profiles presented in this report leverage key advancements in remote surface exploration technology, the U.S. commercial space industry, and the programmatic focus on sustained human presence and exploration at the lunar south polar region. The science objectives and measurements presented in this report outline a mission that would transform lunar science, would address multiple high-level Decadal science questions at the only place in the Solar System where they can be credibly addressed, would pioneer a new paradigm for planetary surface exploration in the 21st century, would leverage the burgeoning space economy to pursue ground-breaking science on a more cost-efficient basis, and would unite robotic exploration with human exploration in a model for a future sustained lunar enterprise.
Comments439 pages, 170 figures, 40 tables, NASA Science Definition Team Report
