通过天体测量微透镜搜索恒星质量黑洞 II：2012-2015年凯克候选体
A Search For Stellar-mass Black Holes Via Astrometric Microlensing II: 2012-2015 Keck Candidates
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本研究利用凯克自适应光学与OGLE/MOA测光数据，对四个长时标微透镜事件进行黑洞搜索，排除三个，保留一个候选体，结果与银河系模型预期一致，并展望未来更大样本的观测。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
银河系预计拥有约10^8个恒星质量黑洞，但其双星比例尚不确定。探测孤立恒星质量黑洞的唯一已被证实的方法是引力微透镜。在此，我们报告了利用测光和天体测量进行黑洞微透镜搜索的结果。通过将OGLE和MOA的10年视宁度受限测光数据与W. M. 凯克天文台自适应光学成像仪获得的衍射极限测光和天体测量数据相结合，我们约束了OGLE-2012-BLG-0169、OGLE-2014-BLG-0613/MOA-2015-BLG-041、OGLE-2015-BLG-0029/MOA-2015-BLG-170和OGLE-2015-BLG-0211的透镜质量。在被监测的四个长时标微透镜事件中，我们在3个事件中排除了黑洞透镜，这些事件可能具有恒星或白矮星透镜。OGLE-2015-BLG-0211仍然是一个黑洞候选体，其透镜质量约束较差，1σ质量上限为3.2M_⊙，3σ质量上限为21.6M_⊙。该事件受到观测条件不佳和显著的天体测量参考系不确定性的影响，但其分析可能受益于即将发布的Gaia数据发布4中的额外天体测量数据。在来自本工作和先前研究的六个长时标（t_E>100天）微透镜事件中，一个黑洞已被确认，另一个未被排除。我们简要检验了银河系模型模拟，发现我们的结果与当前预期一致。最终，我们需要更大样本的孤立黑洞来约束其形成过程。这在未来几年内将通过Rubin和Roman望远镜以及JWST和改进的大型地基自适应光学望远镜的天体测量能力得以实现。
英文摘要
The Milky Way is expected to host $\sim$10$^8$ stellar-mass black holes with an uncertain binary fraction. The only proven method to detect isolated stellar mass black holes is gravitational microlensing. Here we report the results of a microlensing search for black holes with photometry and astrometry. By combining 10 years of seeing-limited photometry from OGLE and MOA with diffraction-limited photometry and astrometry from adaptive optics imagers at the W.~M.~Keck Observatory, we constrain lens masses for OGLE-2012-BLG-0169, OGLE-2014-BLG-0613/MOA-2015-BLG-041, OGLE-2015-BLG-0029/MOA-2015-BLG-170, and OGLE-2015-BLG-0211. Of the four long-duration microlensing events monitored, we ruled out black hole lenses in 3 events, which likely have stellar or white dwarf lenses. OGLE-2015-BLG-0211 remains a black hole candidate with a poorly constrained lens mass with a 1$σ$ upper mass limit of 3.2$M_\odot$ and a 3$σ$ upper mass limit of 21.6$M_\odot$. This event suffered from poor observing conditions and significant astrometric reference frame uncertainties, but its analysis may benefit from additional astrometric data in the upcoming Gaia Data Release 4. Of the six long-timescale ($t_E>100$ days) microlensing events from this work and previous studies, one black hole has been confirmed with a second not ruled out. We briefly examine Galactic model simulations and find that our result agrees with current expectations. Ultimately, we need a larger sample of isolated black holes to constrain their formation processes. This will be possible in the coming years with Rubin and Roman, as well as improved astrometry from JWST and large, ground-based telescopes equipped with adaptive optics.
发表机构
- University of California, Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校）
- Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science（卡内基科学研究所天文台）
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign（伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校）
- Weizmann Institute of Science（魏茨曼科学研究所）
- University of Chicago（芝加哥大学）
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