近场波束成形在阻塞事件中的实证分析
Empirical Analysis of Near-Field Beam Shaping for Blockage Events
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- Rice University（莱斯大学）
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文实证分析毫米波/亚太赫兹近场波束在动态阻塞下的性能，发现无自适应时聚焦波束韧性最强，自适应时弯曲波束最优，为阻塞感知波束选择提供指导。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
毫米波（mmWave）到亚太赫兹（sub-THz）链路能够实现高数据速率，但由于高方向性、有限的多径效应以及对视距（LoS）传播的依赖，极易受到动态阻塞的影响。虽然结构化波束和自愈波束是有前景的解决方案，但尚不清楚在动态阻塞下不同波束类型的性能表现。本文通过两种传输策略对结构化近场波束进行了实证分析。在一种极端情况下，我们研究了无障碍物自适应时的波束韧性。在另一种极端情况下，我们通过经验优化波束参数，以研究在理想自适应条件下多种波束类型的性能极限。我们采用基于角谱法（ASM）的数值分析，并使用亚太赫兹时域光谱（TDS）平台进行实验验证，以表征完整阻塞事件期间的波束性能。对于所考虑的场景，尽管聚焦波束缺乏自愈能力，但在阻塞事件期间不调整波束参数（即所有波束仅先验优化）时，它们提供了最强的韧性。相反，当根据障碍物位置进行最优自适应时，弯曲波束表现出最佳性能。最后，尽管贝塞尔波束受益于自愈特性，但仅凭这一特性可能不足以超越优化的弯曲波束和聚焦波束。这些发现为阻塞感知的波束选择和自适应协议提供了指导。
英文摘要
Millimeter-wave (mmWave) to sub-terahertz (sub-THz) links can realize high data rates, yet are highly vulnerable to dynamic blockages due to high directivity, limited multipath, and dependence on line-of-sight (LoS) propagation. While structured and self-healing beams are promising solutions, it remains unclear how beam types perform under dynamic blockage. In this paper, we present an empirical analysis of structured near-field beams using two transmission policies. At one extreme, we study beam resilience without obstacle adaptation. At the other extreme, we empirically optimize beam parameters to study the limits of multiple beam types under idealized adaptation. We employ numerical analysis based on the angular spectrum method (ASM) and experimental validation using a sub-THz time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) platform to characterize beam performance over complete blockage events. For the scenarios considered, despite lacking self-healing, focused beams provide the strongest resilience when beam parameters are not adapted during a blockage event (i.e., when all beams are optimized only a priori). In contrast, when optimally adapted to obstacle position, curved beams provide the best performance. Lastly, although Bessel beams benefit from self-healing, this property alone can be insufficient to outperform optimized curved and focused beams. These findings provide guidance for blockage-aware beam selection and adaptation protocols.
