发表机构
Lowercarbon Capital; Fusion Energy Base; Center on Global Energy Policy, Columbia University（Lowercarbon Capital; Fusion Energy Base; 哥伦比亚大学全球能源政策中心）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文回顾美国能源部2022年启动的基于里程碑的聚变发展计划，阐述其公私合作模式、设计依据与实施经验，为未来类似计划提供借鉴。
AI 中文摘要
本文详细阐述了美国能源部科学办公室于2022年9月启动的基于里程碑的聚变发展计划（Milestone-Based Fusion Development Program）的起源、目标、设计与实施情况。该计划是一项公私合作伙伴关系（PPP）项目，其目标具有多面性，涵盖政策、科学与技术（S&T）以及商业化目标。在战术层面，该计划支持由私人资助的聚变公司缩小科学与技术差距，以交付其示范聚变电厂（又称“聚变试点电厂”）的初步工程设计。该计划是美国聚变战略转变的关键要素，该战略转变始于2022年，旨在通过利用公私合作伙伴关系加速聚变商业化。里程碑计划的设计以其授权立法和美国国家科学院报告《将聚变引入美国电网》（2021年）为基础，并借鉴了本文中讨论的其他公私合作伙伴关系计划。最后，本文提供了作者对已实施计划的优势与劣势、实施障碍和经验教训的观点与反思，旨在为未来在聚变及其他能源/技术领域的公私合作伙伴关系计划提供参考。
英文摘要
This paper provides a detailed account of the origins, objectives, design, and implementation of the Milestone-Based Fusion Development Program, a public-private-partnership (PPP) program launched by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science in September 2022. The purpose of this program is multi-faceted, with policy, scientific and technological (S&T), and commercialization objectives. Tactically, the program supports privately funded fusion companies in closing S&T gaps toward delivering preliminary engineering designs of their demonstration fusion plants (aka "fusion pilot plants"). The program is a key element of a shift in U.S. fusion strategy, initiated in 2022, to accelerate fusion commercialization by leveraging PPPs. The design of the Milestone Program was underpinned by its authorizing legislation and the U.S. National Academies report Bringing Fusion to the U.S. Grid (2021), and drew inspiration from other PPP programs discussed in this paper. Finally, the paper provides the authors' perspectives and reflections on the strengths/weaknesses of the program as implemented, implementation barriers, and lessons learned, with the intent to inform future PPP programs in fusion and other energy/technology disciplines.
Comments32 pages, 1 figure, 3 tables, submitted for publication on Sep. 21, 2026
