用于超冷量子气体的光子集成梳齿引擎

中文摘要 AI 辅助

冷原子支撑着量子传感、模拟和计算，但其相干控制需要高度稳定的光场，而这些光场的产生、参考和功率放大仍然是巨大的集成挑战。虽然光子集成电路已实现紧凑型可见光激光器，高Q值微谐振器也已实现芯片级光学频率梳，但这些关键技术在很大程度上仍处于功能碎片化状态。因此，利用完全集成的激光-梳齿源对超冷量子气体进行相干操控尚未实现。在此，我们展示了一种在780 nm波长下可扩展的、混合集成的微梳引擎，它无缝地桥接了频率合成、原子参考和功率放大，实现了对玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的量子态控制。通过将电驱动的III-V族激光器自注入锁定到高Q值Si₃N₄微谐振器，我们生成了具有20 GHz和100 GHz模式间距的相干platicon微梳。将微梳绝对参考到⁸⁵Rb跃迁，可在2000秒内主动抑制长期频率漂移，从超过200 MHz降至100 kHz水平。随后，选定的梳齿被注入放大至102 mW，同时完全保持微梳的原始相干性和稳定性。我们利用该合成场构建光学晶格，驱动相干双光子拉曼跃迁，并在⁸⁷Rb凝聚体中制备静止的自旋-轨道耦合和拉曼晶格态。通过提供同步光学网格，这种原子参考微梳允许多个光学控制通道扩展，而无需成比例地增加独立的频率参考。我们的工作建立了一种变革性的、完全集成的频率合成架构，对于实现可部署的大规模原子量子系统至关重要。

英文摘要

Cold atoms underpin quantum sensing, simulation and computation, but their coherent control demands highly stable optical fields whose generation, referencing and power scaling remain formidable integration challenges. While photonic integrated circuits have yielded compact visible lasers and high-$Q$ microresonators have enabled chip-scale optical frequency combs, these crucial technologies have largely remained functionally fragmented. Consequently, the coherent manipulation of ultracold quantum gases using a fully integrated laser-comb source has yet to be realized. Here we demonstrate a scalable, hybrid-integrated microcomb engine at 780 nm that seamlessly bridges frequency synthesis, atomic referencing and power amplification to achieve quantum state control of a Bose--Einstein condensate. By self-injection locking of electrically driven III--V lasers to high-$Q$ Si$_3$N$_4$ microresonators, we generate coherent platicon microcombs featuring 20- and 100-GHz mode spacings. Absolute referencing of the microcomb to an $^{85}$Rb transition actively suppresses long-term frequency drift from over 200 MHz to the 100-kHz level across 2,000 s. A selected comb tooth is subsequently injection-amplified to 102 mW, entirely preserving the microcomb's pristine coherence and stability. We utilize this synthesized field to construct an optical lattice, drive coherent two-photon Raman transitions, and prepare stationary spin--orbit-coupled and Raman-lattice states within an $^{87}$Rb condensate. By providing a synchronized optical grid, this atom-referenced microcomb can allow multiple optical-control channels to scale without a proportional multiplication of independent frequency references. Our work establishes a fully integrated frequency-synthesis architecture essential for realizing deployable, large-scale atomic quantum systems.

发表机构

• International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen（深圳量子高等研究院）
• Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen（南方科技大学深圳量子科学与工程研究院）
• Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei（中国科学技术大学合肥国家实验室）

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