波基反问题在时间反演对称性破缺下的物理保真度

中文摘要 AI 辅助

现代相干成像通常将离焦干涉视为需要抑制的不良伪影。在此，我们表明这种干涉实际上是有限孔径观测下与时间反演对称性（TRS）破缺相关的确定性投影阴影。由此产生的非酉观测算子造成不可挽回的信息损失，使得该阴影成为不可避免的相干残差。我们证明，在测量支撑之外抑制该残差可能导致物理上不一致的重建，因为这会赋予零空间内不受约束的分量，从而破坏重建复场的传播。我们将这种失效模式称为物理过拟合，并引入复场TRS残差度量R_TRS(z)。通过利用投影阴影的轴向演化测量作为z分辨的物理参考，该度量将保真度评估从二维（2D）探测器平面一致性扩展到传播分辨的三维（3D）复场一致性。这些结果为相空间检索和基于波的反演重建建立了物理约束。

英文摘要

Modern coherent imaging commonly treats defocus interference as an undesirable artifact to be suppressed. Here, we show that this interference is instead a deterministic projection shadow associated with broken time-reversal symmetry (TRS) under finite-aperture observation. The resulting non-unitary observation operator imposes irretrievable information loss, making this shadow an unavoidable coherent residual. We demonstrate that suppressing this residual beyond the measurement support can yield physically inconsistent reconstructions by assigning unconstrained components within the null space, thereby disrupting the propagation of the reconstructed complex field. We term this failure mode physical overfitting and introduce the complex-field TRS residual metric, R_TRS(z). By using the measured axial evolution of the projection shadow as a z-resolved physical reference, the metric extends fidelity assessment from two-dimensional (2D) detector-plane agreement to propagation-resolved three-dimensional (3D) complex-field consistency. These results establish a physical constraint on phase-space retrieval and wave-based inverse reconstruction.

发表机构

• University of Electronic Science and Technology of China（电子科技大学）
• The University of Hong Kong（香港大学）

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