驱动Potts热机中非平衡相变的普适分裂
Universal splitting of nonequilibrium phase transitions in driven Potts heat engines
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本研究揭示驱动Potts模型在双温度热库下，因对称性破缺导致有序相内出现q-1次转变，并支持热机运行，且该现象在平均场和二维模型中均稳健存在。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们研究了耦合到两个不同温度热库的驱动Potts模型的非平衡相变和热力学性质。Potts模型多态结构与驱动的相互作用导致了不同的相变情景。所提出的驱动方案打破了Potts态之间的对称性，并在有序相内引发了多次转变，这些相以不同数量的稳定不动点为特征。该数量可以从$q$个不动点变化到$1$个不动点，对应$q-1$个不同的转变。驱动方案强烈影响热力学运行区间，使系统能够作为热机运行。我们证明这些现象在平均场（MF）模型和二维模型中均持续存在，确认了结果对维度的鲁棒性。对于MF情形，我们还在强有序区域发展了一个唯象描述，得到了功率、热流和效率的解析表达式。我们的结果展示了多态集体相互作用、非平衡驱动和热偏置如何共同产生丰富的相结构以及集体热机的涌现。
英文摘要
We investigate nonequilibrium phase transitions and thermodynamic properties of driven Potts models coupled to two thermal reservoirs at different temperatures. The interplay with the multi-state structure of the Potts model leads to distinct phase-transition scenarios. The proposed driving scheme breaks the symmetry between the Potts states and gives rise to multiple transitions within the ordered phases, where the phases are characterized by different numbers of stable fixed points. This number can vary from $q$ fixed points to $1$ fixed point, corresponding to $q-1$ distinct transitions. The driving scheme strongly affects the thermodynamic operation regimes, allowing the system to operate as a heat engine. We demonstrate that these phenomena persist for both a mean-field (MF) model and a two-dimensional model, confirming the robustness of the results with respect to dimensionality. For the MF case, we also develop a phenomenological description in the strongly ordered regime that yields analytical expressions for the power, heat currents, and efficiency. Our results show how multi-state collective interactions, nonequilibrium driving, and thermal bias jointly generate a rich phase structure and the emergence of a collective heat engine.
发表机构
- Universidade de São Paulo（圣保罗大学）
- University of Houston（休斯顿大学）
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