AI 中文总结
本研究评估了Ariel任务探测恒星耀斑的潜力，通过交叉匹配识别出44颗潜在目标，并模拟表明强耀斑红外信号可干扰系外行星光谱观测，需改进模型以优化科学产出。
AI 中文摘要
恒星耀斑是磁活动的重要示踪物，通过引入随时间变化的天体物理变率，可显著影响系外行星宿主星的表征。欧空局（ESA）的Ariel任务旨在对系外行星进行大气表征，其搭载的VISPhot仪器将提供高节奏光学测光，为研究恒星耀斑同时识别并减轻其对凌星光谱学的影响提供了机会。我们讨论了Ariel在耀斑研究方面的潜力，强调短节奏观测对于解析耀斑形态和估算耀斑能量的重要性。我们通过将Ariel任务候选样本与基于TESS的耀斑星表进行交叉匹配，识别出潜在的耀斑目标，在3321颗宿主星样本中确定了44颗恒星，其耀斑率范围在0.0012至1.05次/天之间，给出了下限值。这些活跃恒星中的大多数在典型的Ariel观测期间预计耀斑发生频率较低，但对于少数最活跃的目标，在典型的Ariel观测窗口内发生耀斑的可能性很大。我们进一步利用基于时间依赖的RADYN耀斑模型生成的合成光谱，通过Ariel辐射模拟器进行传播，研究了恒星耀斑在Ariel波长范围内的可探测性。我们的模拟表明，冷矮星上的强耀斑可产生可测量的红外特征，通量变化可达几个百分点，显著超过典型系外行星大气特征的振幅。这些结果表明，恒星耀斑既是宝贵的辅助科学案例，也是Ariel观测的潜在污染源，凸显了改进耀斑模型和缓解策略以最大化任务科学回报的必要性。
英文摘要
Stellar flares are important tracers of magnetic activity and can significantly influence the characterization of exoplanet host stars by introducing time-dependent astrophysical variability. ESA's Ariel mission, designed for atmospheric characterization of exoplanets, will include the VISPhot instrument, providing high-cadence optical photometry offering an opportunity to study stellar flares while identifying and mitigating their impact on transit spectroscopy. We discuss Ariel's potential for flare studies, emphasizing the importance of short-cadence observations for resolving flare morphology and estimating flare energies. We identify potential flaring targets within the Ariel Mission Candidate Sample by cross-matching it with a TESS-based flare catalog, identifying 44 stars in the sample of 3321 host stars with flare rates spanning 0.0012-1.05 flares per day yielding a lower limit. The majority of these active stars are expected to flare infrequently during typical Ariel observations, but for a few of the most active targets there is a significant chance of flaring during a typical Ariel observing window. We further investigate the detectability of stellar flares in Ariel's wavelength range using synthetic spectra based on time-dependent RADYN flare models propagated through the Ariel radiometric simulator. Our simulations indicate that strong flares on cool dwarfs can produce measurable infrared signatures, with flux variations reaching several percent, substantially exceeding the amplitudes of typical exoplanet atmospheric features. These results demonstrate stellar flares represent both a valuable ancillary science case and a potential source of contamination for Ariel observations, highlighting the need for improved flare models and mitigation strategies to maximize the mission's scientific return.
Comments6 pages, 3 figures, submitted to RASTI Ariel special issue
