聚变应用中子探测与中子/伽马甄别技术的现状与展望
Current Status and Prospects of Neutron Detection and Neutron/Gamma Discrimination Technologies in Fusion Applications
- College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology（成都理工大学核技术与自动化工程学院）
- Engineering & Technical College of Chengdu University of Technology, Southwestern Institute of Physics（成都理工大学工程与技术学院，西南物理研究院）
- School of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou University of Technology（温州理工学院数据科学与人工智能学院）
- Artificial Intelligence Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering（四川省重点实验室（人工智能），四川轻化工大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
本文综述聚变应用中子探测与中子/伽马甄别技术现状，分析多种探测方法优劣，指出无单一探测器适用所有任务，未来将发展高性能、智能甄别与多探测器协同方案。
AI中文摘要：
聚变研究正从以物理为导向的实验向以反应堆为导向的工程应用迈进，这对中子测量的准确性和可靠性提出了越来越高的要求。本综述总结了聚变应用中子探测及中子/伽马甄别技术的现状与前景。首先回顾了聚变中子的主要来源、能量特征及测量需求，特别关注2.45 MeV D-D中子和14.1 MeV D-T中子。随后讨论了四种主要中子探测方法，包括核反应法、核反冲法、核裂变法和中子活化法，并阐述了闪烁体、气体、半导体及其他专用探测器的运行特性和适用性。接着考察了中子/伽马甄别在等离子体诊断、安全运行监测、辐射防护监测及聚变反应堆设计中的作用。综述表明，不同的探测方法和探测器类型具有各自独特的优势和适用范围，没有一种探测器能为所有聚变测量任务提供最优解决方案。液体闪烁体和部分有机晶体在快中子测量和中子/伽马甄别方面仍保持重要地位，而气体和半导体探测器则在热中子监测、紧凑型探测、抗辐射性能和快中子能谱测量方面发挥互补作用。未来发展方向预计将聚焦于高性能探测器、材料损伤评估、智能实时甄别以及多探测器协同与系统级诊断集成。
英文摘要：
Fusion research is progressing from physics-oriented experiments toward reactor-oriented engineering applications, placing increasing demands on the accuracy and reliability of neutron measurements. This review summarizes the current status and prospects of neutron detection and neutron/gamma discrimination technologies for fusion applications. The main sources, energy characteristics, and measurement requirements of fusion neutrons are first reviewed, with particular attention to 2.45 MeV D-D and 14.1 MeV D-T neutrons. Four principal neutron detection methods, including nuclear reaction, nuclear recoil, nuclear fission, and neutron activation, are discussed together with the operating characteristics and applicability of scintillation, gas, semiconductor, and other specialized detectors. The roles of neutron/gamma discrimination are then examined in plasma diagnostics, safe operation monitoring, radiation protection monitoring, and fusion reactor design. The review shows that different detection methods and detector types have distinct advantages and application boundaries, and no single detector provides an optimal solution for all fusion measurement tasks. Liquid scintillators and some organic crystals remain important for fast-neutron measurement and neutron/gamma discrimination, whereas gas and semiconductor detectors serve complementary roles in thermal-neutron monitoring, compact detection, radiation tolerance, and fast-neutron spectrometry. Future development is expected to focus on high-performance detectors, material damage assessment, intelligent real-time discrimination, and multi-detector coordination with system-level diagnostic integration.
