超重$Z=124$同位素的壳层结构与自发衰变：基于连续谱中形变相对论Hartree-Bogoliubov理论

中文摘要 AI 辅助

利用连续谱中的形变相对论Hartree-Bogoliubov理论（DRHBc）结合PC-PK1密度泛函，系统研究了$Z=124$同位素的壳层结构与自发衰变。通过考虑形变和连续谱效应，预测中子滴线位于$N=320$，并识别出八个潜在的多中子发射体位于中子滴线之外。与球对称约束情形相比，结果凸显了形变效应在决定超重核基态性质中的关键作用。此外，潜在的中子壳闭合出现在$N=258$和$350$，同时在中子数$N=232$和$320$处出现子壳闭合。结果不支持$Z=124$作为可能的质子幻数，而提出$Z=120$和$138$是超重区域中更有利的质子壳闭合候选。最后，通过计算各种半经验公式下的半衰期，分析了$\alpha$衰变、$\beta$衰变和自发裂变之间的竞争。结果表明，在富质子侧，$\alpha$衰变是主要衰变模式，而随着中子数增加，自发裂变和$\beta^-$衰变逐渐占据主导地位。

英文摘要

Shell structure and spontaneous decay of $Z = 124$ isotopes are systematically investigated using the deformed relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory in continuum (DRHBc) with the PC-PK1 density functional. By accounting for deformation and continuum effects, the neutron drip line is predicted to be located at $N = 320$, and eight potential multi-neutron emitters beyond the neutron drip line are identified. The results, compared with the spherically constrained case, highlight the critical role of deformation effects in determining the ground-state properties of superheavy nuclei. In addition, potential neutron shell closures emerge at $N = 258$ and $350$, alongside subshell closures at $N = 232$ and $320$. The results disfavor $Z = 124$ as a possible proton magic number and suggest $Z = 120$ and $138$ as more favorable candidates for proton shell closures in the superheavy region. Finally, the competition between $α$ decay, $β$ decay, and spontaneous fission is analyzed by calculating half-lives within various semi-empirical formulas. The results indicate that $α$ decay is the predominant mode on the proton-rich side, whereas spontaneous fission and $β^-$ decay gradually become dominant with increasing neutron number.

发表机构

• Jiangnan University（江南大学）
• Wuxi Liangxi Jiangnan Institute for Advanced Study（无锡梁溪江南高等研究院）
• Anhui Normal University（安徽师范大学）

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