发表机构
Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM（弗劳恩霍夫制造技术与先进材料研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
针对硬件VQE中有限样本优化导致的虚假准确性，通过漂移差分重测量发现大部分选择优势消失，强调需独立验证最佳观测值。
AI 中文摘要
有限样本优化可能使噪声变分量子特征求解器的能量看起来人为地准确。我们在两台IBM Heron r3处理器上的八个复制单元中研究了六个分子。七个优化器选择的值低于精确活性空间本征值，最多达mHa。对选定和最终参数点的独立后续评估，通过差分去除常见时期偏移，显示大部分选定优势消失：主要恢复为（近似95%会话级区间）。在报告的聚合选择中，恢复估计范围从0.892到0.989。测量对比度在规模上与有限样本选择一致，而校准漂移和其他变异来源仍然可能存在。因此，基于最佳观测硬件VQE值的准确性声明需要独立检查。
英文摘要
Finite-shot optimization can make noisy variational quantum eigensolver energies look artificially accurate. We studied six hardware-tractable molecular active spaces on two IBM Heron r3 processors. Seven optimizer-selected values fell below the exact active-space eigenvalue by up to 17.36 mHa. The cell-balanced fraction of the source-observed best-final advantage not retained on later fixed-parameter measurement was 0.989 (approximate 95% session-level interval [0.906, 1.072]); alternative aggregations span 0.892-0.989. Thus little of the selected advantage remained on average. Measurements occurred 5.6-38.4 days later, so parameter-dependent drift remains a competing explanation. Best-observed hardware VQE values require prompt independent confirmation before supporting accuracy claims.
CommentsComments: 35 pages including Supplementary Information; revised analysis and presentation, added offline software-compatibility controls and released analysis code
