发表机构
University of California Davis Health; University College London; University of Pennsylvania; University of Washington（加州大学戴维斯分校健康中心; 伦敦大学学院; 宾夕法尼亚大学; 华盛顿大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文综述了将光谱CT（含DECT和PCCT）与PET/SPECT集成的方法，以利用其组织成分表征能力改善校正并推动分子影像向组织成分信息引导的方向发展。
AI 中文摘要
分子影像已通过将正电子发射断层成像（PET）或单光子发射计算机断层成像（SPECT）与X射线计算机断层成像（CT）集成而发生变革。然而，混合成像中的X射线CT主要用于解剖定位以及发射数据的衰减和散射校正。其表征组织成分的能力仍未得到充分利用。光谱CT，包括双能量CT（DECT）和光子计数CT（PCCT），能够提供物质特异性信息，如碘浓度、骨或钙分数、电子密度、有效原子序数及其他空间变化的物质属性图像。这些能力为将组织成分信息引入分子影像创造了机会。此外，光谱CT还能减少CT伪影，并为发射数据提供更精确的校正。在本综述中，我们讨论了将光谱CT与分子影像相结合的技术基础、集成路径和转化机遇。我们综述了序贯和集成的PET/DECT方法、新兴的PET/PCCT概念、PET使能的光谱CT，以及向SPECT/CT的扩展。随后，我们考察了光谱CT信息如何改善衰减校正、散射校正、组织分数校正、正电子射程校正、重建先验和剂量测定。临床和转化应用包括对比增强分子影像、血管和灌注成像、定量骨髓成像、肌肉骨骼成像和诊疗一体化。总体而言，光谱CT集成可能推动混合分子影像向组织成分信息引导的分子影像发展，其中放射性示踪剂信号在其物质背景下被解读。
英文摘要
Molecular imaging has been transformed by integrating positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with x-ray computed tomography (CT). However, x-ray CT in hybrid imaging is used primarily for anatomical localization and for attenuation and scatter correction of emission data. Its ability to characterize tissue composition remains underutilized. Spectral CT, including dual-energy CT (DECT) and photon-counting CT (PCCT), can provide material-specific information, such as images of iodine concentration, bone or calcium fractions, electron-density, effective atomic number and other spatially-varying material properties. These capabilities create an opportunity to bring tissue-composition information into molecular imaging. In addition, spectral CT can also reduce CT artifacts and provide more accurate corrections for emission data. In this review, we discuss the technical basis, integration pathways, and translational opportunities for combining spectral CT with molecular imaging. We review sequential and integrated PET/DECT approaches, emerging PET/PCCT concepts, PET-enabled spectral CT, and extensions to SPECT/CT. We then examine how spectral CT information may improve attenuation correction, scatter correction, tissue-fraction correction, positron range correction, reconstruction priors, and dosimetry. Clinical and translational applications include contrast-enhanced molecular imaging, vascular and perfusion imaging, quantitative bone marrow imaging, musculoskeletal imaging, and theranostics. Overall, spectral CT integration may move hybrid molecular imaging toward tissue-composition-informed molecular imaging, in which radiotracer signals are interpreted within their material context.
Comments16 pages, 4 figures
