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arXiv 2609.27117cs.DScs.DM

最小和顶点覆盖问题通过最小顶点覆盖

Minimum Sum Vertex Cover via Minimum Vertex Cover

Ahmad Biniaz, Jean-Lou De Carufel, Anil Maheshwari, Saeed Odak, Michiel Smid

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中文总结 AI 辅助

本研究通过顶点覆盖结构研究最小和顶点覆盖问题,提出近似算法(最大度图近似比$R_\Delta$,$d$-正则图$1.184$-近似)和精确算法(参数化$2^{O(k\log k)}$及平面图$2^{O(\sqrt n \log n)}$),并证明平面图NP-难及ETH下界。

中文摘要 AI 辅助

最小和顶点覆盖(MSVC)问题要求对图的顶点进行排序,以最小化所有边上每条边首次被覆盖的时间之和。我们通过顶点覆盖的结构来研究该问题,并获得了新的近似算法和精确算法,以及条件性下界。对于最大度为 $\Delta$ 的图,我们证明了一种基于最小顶点覆盖的简单排序算法实现了近似比 $R_\Delta\le {(\sqrt\Delta+1)}/{2}$。对于 $d$-正则图,我们通过将 Max-$k$-Vertex-Cover 近似与最优前缀的结构性界相结合,给出了一个多项式时间的 $1.184$-近似算法。在精确算法方面,我们给出了一个以顶点覆盖数 $k$ 为参数的算法,运行时间为 $2^{O(k\log k)} + O(n+m)$,改进了先前对 $k$ 的依赖,其中 $n$ 和 $m$ 分别是图中的顶点数和边数。我们还开发了一种基于分隔符的精确算法,在平面图、有界亏格图和固定无小图类上运行时间为 $2^{O(\sqrt n \log n)}$。最后,我们证明了最小和顶点覆盖问题在平面图上是 NP-难的,并且假设 ETH,在 $n$ 个顶点的平面图上不存在 $2^{o(\sqrt n)}$ 时间的精确算法。因此,我们的平面图上界在指数上紧至对数因子。

英文摘要

The Minimum Sum Vertex Cover (MSVC) problem asks for an ordering of the vertices of a graph that minimizes the sum, over all edges, of the time at which each edge is first covered. We study the problem through the structure of vertex covers and obtain new approximation and exact algorithms, together with conditional lower bounds. For graphs of maximum degree $Δ$, we show that a simple ordering algorithm based on a minimum vertex cover achieves approximation ratio $R_Δ\le {(\sqrtΔ+1)}/{2}$. For $d$-regular graphs, we give a polynomial-time $1.184$-approximation by combining Max-$k$-Vertex-Cover approximation with a structural bound on optimal prefixes. On the exact side, we give an algorithm parameterized by the vertex cover number $k$ running in $2^{O(k\log k)} + O(n+m)$ time, improving the previous dependence on $k$, where $n$ and $m$ are the number of vertices and edges in the graph, respectively. We also develop a separator-based exact algorithm running in $ 2^{O(\sqrt n \log n)}$ time on planar, bounded-genus, and fixed-minor-free graph classes. Finally, we prove that Minimum Sum Vertex Cover is NP-hard on planar graphs and, assuming ETH, admits no $2^{o(\sqrt n)}$-time exact algorithm on $n$-vertex planar graphs. Thus our planar upper bound is tight up to logarithmic factors in the exponent.

发表机构

  • University of Windsor(温莎大学)
  • University of Ottawa(渥太华大学)
  • Carleton University(卡尔顿大学)
  • Aalto University(阿尔托大学)

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