通过暗区化学平衡实现逆相变
Inverse phase transitions via dark sector chemical equilibration
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- National Centre for Nuclear Research（国家核研究）
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文研究暗区通过冻结机制非平衡填充后，其有效势随化学平衡的演化，证明足够大的门户耦合可驱动一级逆相变至对称相。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们研究了具有自发破缺的阿贝尔规范对称性的暗区中有效势的宇宙学演化，该暗区通过冻结机制在非平衡状态下被填充。初始时稀薄且处于破缺相，暗区由一个温度以及一个反映暗区态低占据数的化学势来描述。我们表明，有效势的热修正依赖于这两个量，并且当该区域保持稀薄时这些修正是被抑制的，但随着内部数改变反应增加占据数并将系统推向化学平衡，这些修正会增长。我们求解了温度和化学势的耦合演化及其对有效势的影响，以表明对于足够大的门户耦合，化学平衡可以使有效势越过一级势垒，并通过逆相变将暗区推向其对称相。
英文摘要
We study the cosmological evolution of the effective potential in a dark sector with a spontaneously broken Abelian gauge symmetry, populated out of equilibrium through the freeze-in mechanism. Initially dilute and in the broken phase, the dark sector is described by a temperature as well as a chemical potential that reflects the low occupancy of dark sector states. We show that the thermal corrections to the effective potential depend on both of these quantities, and that they are suppressed while the sector remains dilute, but grow as internal number-changing reactions increase the occupancy and drive the system toward chemical equilibrium. We solve the coupled evolution of the temperature and chemical potential and the resulting impact on the effective potential to show that, for sufficiently large portal couplings, chemical equilibration can evolve the effective potential across a first-order barrier and drive the dark sector toward its symmetric phase through an inverse phase transition.
