混沌安德烈夫弹球中的热力学不确定性关系

中文摘要 AI 辅助

我们研究了粒子-空穴对称性、量子干涉和隧穿势垒如何塑造混沌安德烈夫弹球中的热力学不确定性关系。利用随机矩阵理论和Mahaux-Weidenmüller散射方法，我们研究了跨越四种Altland-Zirnbauer对称类、从单通道极端量子极限到多通道半经典区域以及从理想接触到不透明接触的电荷电导和散粒噪声。我们通过两种互补的系综观测量来表征热力学精度：要么对样品分辨的噪声-电导比进行平均，要么分别对噪声和电导进行平均。它们在极端量子区域中的显著差异揭示了介观输运的非自平均特性，并在广泛的势垒透明度范围内持续存在。对于理想接触，前者提供了Altland-Zirnbauer对称类的灵敏指纹。在不透明区域，这种层级关系发生变化。尽管存在这些强烈的对称性和势垒依赖效应，标准的热力学不确定性关系在我们研究的所有区域中始终得到满足。我们的结果确立了热力学不确定性作为混沌正常-超导系统中普适输运的对称性敏感探针。

英文摘要

We investigate how particle-hole symmetry, quantum interference, and tunnel barriers shape thermodynamic uncertainty relations in chaotic Andreev billiards. Using random-matrix theory and the Mahaux-Weidenmüller scattering approach, we study charge conductance and shot noise across the four Altland-Zirnbauer symmetry classes, from the single-channel extreme quantum limit to the multichannel semiclassical regime and from ideal to opaque contacts. We characterize thermodynamic precision through two complementary ensemble observables: either by averaging the sample-resolved noise-to-conductance ratio, or from the separately averaging noise and conductance. Their pronounced discrepancy in the extreme quantum regime reveals the non-self-averaging character of mesoscopic transport and persists over a broad range of barrier transparencies. For ideal contacts, the first provides a sensitive fingerprint of the Altland-Zirnbauer symmetry class. In the opaque regime, this hierarchy changes. Despite these strong symmetry- and barrier-dependent effects, the standard thermodynamic uncertainty relation remains satisfied throughout all regimes investigated. Our results establish thermodynamic uncertainty as a symmetry-sensitive probe of universal transport in chaotic normal-superconducting systems.

发表机构

• Universidade Estadual Paulista（圣保罗州立大学）
• Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais（巴西国家同步辐射光源实验室，国家能源与材料研究中心）
• Universidade Federal da Paraíba（帕拉伊巴联邦大学）

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