西蒙斯天文台：中频小孔径望远镜的调试
The Simons Observatory: Commissioning of the Mid-Frequency Small Aperture Telescopes
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中文总结 AI 辅助
西蒙斯天文台的中频小孔径望远镜在90和150 GHz频段完成调试，验证了光学性能与仪器效率，其合并噪声等效温度优于设计目标，为搜寻原初引力波提供高灵敏度观测。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
西蒙斯天文台（SO）是一个宇宙微波背景（CMB）巡天实验，位于智利阿塔卡马沙漠海拔5200米处。SO的小孔径望远镜（SATs）将覆盖30至280 GHz之间的六个光谱波段，主要目的是在CMB极化的大角尺度B模式中寻找原初引力波的证据。首批两台工作于90和150 GHz频段的中频（MF）SATs于2023年底开始调试观测，我们在此展示这些观测的结果。每台MF SAT在1毫米可降水汽（PWV）条件下运行约9400个偏置的过渡边缘传感器（TES），典型良品率为80%。行星观测确认了望远镜光学性能，校准了仪器响应，并测量了SATs的端到端光学效率。实现的仪器效率在基于仪器模型预测的预期范围内。在标称观测条件下，两台望远镜合并的噪声等效温度在90 GHz时为$2.4~\mathrm{μK_{CMB}\sqrt{s}}$，在150 GHz时为$3.2~\mathrm{μK_{CMB}\sqrt{s}}$，显著优于天文台的基线瞬时灵敏度目标。
英文摘要
The Simons Observatory (SO) is a cosmic microwave background (CMB) survey experiment observing from an altitude of 5,200 m in the Atacama Desert in Chile. The SO Small Aperture Telescopes (SATs) will cover six spectral bands between 30 and 280 GHz primarily to search for evidence of primordial gravitational waves in the large angular scale $B$-modes of the CMB polarization. The first two Mid-Frequency (MF) SATs, operating in the 90 and 150 GHz frequency bands, began commissioning observations in late 2023, and we present the results of those observations here. Each MF SAT operates with approximately 9,400 biased transition-edge sensors (TES) at 1 mm of precipitable water vapor (PWV), representing a typical 80% yield. Planet observations confirm the telescope optics performance, calibrate the instrument response, and measure the end-to-end optical efficiency of the SATs. The realized instrument efficiencies are within the range expected based on instrument model predictions. In nominal observing conditions, the noise equivalent temperatures from both telescopes combined are $2.4~\mathrm{μK_{CMB}\sqrt{s}}$ at 90 GHz and $3.2~\mathrm{μK_{CMB}\sqrt{s}}$ at 150 GHz, substantially outperforming the baseline instantaneous sensitivity targets for the observatory.
发表机构
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory（阿贡国家实验室高能物理部）
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago（芝加哥大学天体物理学系）
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California（南加州大学物理与天文学系）
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin（德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校物理系）
- Weinberg Institute for Theoretical Physics, Texas Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics（韦恩伯格理论物理研究所、德州宇宙学与粒子物理中心）
- Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Jadwin Hall, Princeton University（普林斯顿大学杰弗里·亨利物理实验室）
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo（东京大学 Kavli宇宙起源研究所（WPI）、UTIAS）
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago（芝加哥大学物理系）
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