发表机构
Arizona State University; Technische Universität München（亚利桑那州立大学; 慕尼黑工业大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该研究提出利用超新星伽马射线回波作为近探测器，通过近-远比较直接检验银河系中微子传播，将赝狄拉克中微子的源归一化模糊性转化为可测量的近-远亏损，并扩展到中微子衰变和暗物质相互作用。
AI 中文摘要
核心坍缩超新星中微子为在银河系基线上探索超越标准模型的物理提供了独特探针。然而，即使是一个高统计量的邻近爆发也可能受到源不确定性的限制，特别是对于那些在能量上平均且仅表现为整体通量抑制的传播效应。受地面振荡实验中近-远比较的启发，我们表明，对超新星伽马射线回波——即中微子爆发在恒星包层中诱发的延迟511 keV信号——的下一代MeV观测，可以作为发射的$\barν_e$注量的天体物理近探测器。将这种回波推断的源注量与在地球上测得的存活通量进行比较，可以直接检验中微子在恒星表面与探测器之间的传播。对于赝狄拉克中微子，这将会把完全平均的有源-惰性振荡机制从不可观测的源归一化模糊性转变为可测量的近-远亏损，对邻近前身星的灵敏度可达分裂$δm^2\gtrsim 10^{-18}~{\rm eV}^2(0.22~{\rm kpc}/D)(E_\star/15~{\rm MeV})$。同样的近-远逻辑也适用于观测通量的其他传播诱导修正，包括中微子衰变以及中微子与银河系暗物质的相互作用。
英文摘要
Core-collapse supernova neutrinos offer a unique probe of physics beyond the Standard Model over Galactic baselines. Yet even a high-statistics nearby burst may be limited by source uncertainties, especially for propagation effects that average over energy and appear only as an overall flux suppression. Inspired by near--far comparisons in terrestrial oscillation experiments, we show that next-generation MeV observations of the supernova gamma-ray echo---the delayed 511 keV signal induced by the neutrino burst in the stellar envelope---can serve as an astrophysical near detector for the emitted $\barν_e$ fluence. Comparing this echo-inferred source fluence with the surviving flux measured at Earth gives a direct test of neutrino propagation between the stellar surface and the detector. For pseudo-Dirac neutrinos, this turns the fully averaged active--sterile oscillation regime from an unobservable source-normalization ambiguity into a measurable near--far deficit, with sensitivity for nearby progenitors to splittings $δm^2\gtrsim 10^{-18}~{\rm eV}^2(0.22~{\rm kpc}/D)(E_\star/15~{\rm MeV})$. The same near--far logic also applies to other propagation-induced modifications of the observed flux, including neutrino decay and neutrino interactions with Galactic dark matter.
Comments6 pages, 2 figures
