发表机构
University of Washington（华盛顿大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文提出两步构造违反黑洞热力学第三定律，并揭示量子引力效应阻碍极端态实现，制备时间与熵成比例。
AI 中文摘要
我们提出一个两步构造，以在四维中违反带电黑洞的热力学第三定律。首先制备一个具有 $\text{AdS}_2\times X$ 喉部的近极端黑洞，然后通过一个带电壳层在有限时间内将其驱动至极端。该构造表明，第二步对于近极端黑洞是普适的，并可用于构造克尔黑洞的第三定律违反。同样的描述使我们能够在量子引力中研究该过程。经典坍缩条件选择了一个违反BF的物质扇区，我们为其构建了全息词典并推导了量子跃迁振幅。量子效应将经典极端终点替换为一个概率分布，该分布在极端处消失并在正能量处达到峰值。这种阻碍与量子引力中不存在非超对称极端黑洞态一致。我们表明，将峰值驱动到足够接近极端以使量子引力变得重要，所需的制备时间与黑洞熵成比例。
英文摘要
We present a two-step construction to violate the classical third law of black hole thermodynamics for charged black holes in four dimensions. A near-extremal black hole with an $\mathrm{AdS}_2\times X$ throat is first prepared and then driven to extremality in finite time by a charged shell. This construction suggests that the second step is universal for near-extremal black holes, and can be used to construct violations of the third law for Kerr black holes. The same description allows us to study the process in quantum gravity. The classical collapse condition selects a BF-violating matter sector, for which we construct a holographic dictionary and derive the quantum transition amplitude. Quantum effects replace the classical extremal endpoint by a probability distribution that vanishes at extremality and peaks at positive energy. This obstruction is consistent with the absence of non-supersymmetric extremal black hole states in quantum gravity. We show that driving the peak close enough to extremality for quantum gravity to become important requires a preparation time that scales with the black hole entropy.
Comments60 pages, 6 figures
