BRIDGE巡天 I. 宇宙正午星系周介质气体的金属丰度与物理性质
The BRIDGE Survey. I. Metallicities and Physical Properties of Gas Probing the Circumgalactic Medium at Cosmic Noon
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中文总结 AI 辅助
BRIDGE-I巡天通过105个吸收体研究宇宙正午星系周介质气体,发现其金属丰度分布与低红移一致,且致密气体存在金属丰度下限,表明不同密度气体混合状态不同。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们介绍BRIDGE-I,一项针对宇宙正午(1≤z≤2.2)时期、探测“类星系周介质”气体(16.4≤log N_HI<20.3)的HI选择吸收体的金属丰度巡天,该时期是恒星形成和活动星系核活动的峰值时期。结合哈勃太空望远镜紫外光谱档案数据与凯克/HIRES和甚大望远镜/UVES光学光谱,我们估算了105个吸收体的金属丰度和物理条件。宇宙正午的金属丰度分布(中值[X/H]=-1.19)在统计上与z<1时的分布(-1.18)无法区分,但与z>2.2时的分布(-2.02)显著不同。这一平台期由最弥散的吸收体(16.4≤log N_HI<17.2)驱动,它们在宇宙正午时已达到z<1时的增丰水平,而较致密的吸收体仍比z<1时的对应体更贫金属,并在更晚时期继续增丰。与z>2.2时不同,没有吸收体低于[X/H]=-3.5,表明宇宙正午时不存在原始(未增丰)的类星系周介质气体。BRIDGE-I中的吸收体追踪的超密度范围为400≲δ_b≲2200,高于z>2.2时的值。不同吸收体类型的平均N_HI相差400倍,但平均总氢柱密度仅相差2.5倍,因为较高的N_HI被较高的中性分数所抵消。因此,吸收体类别在电离状态和金属丰度上有所不同,而非总气体含量。对于log N_HI>19.0的吸收体,出现了[X/H]~-2.0的金属丰度下限,表明较致密、更类似星际介质的气体作为群体已充分混合,而较弥散的气体仍保留着尚未完全混合的贫金属群体。
英文摘要
We present BRIDGE-I, a metallicity survey of \HI-selected absorbers probing ``CGM-like'' gas ($16.4\leq \log N_{\rm HI}<20.3$) at Cosmic Noon ($1\leq z \leq2.2$), the epoch of peak star formation and AGN activity. Combining archival HST UV spectra with Keck/HIRES and VLT/UVES optical spectra, we estimate metallicities and physical conditions for 105 absorbers. The Cosmic Noon metallicity distribution (median $[\rm{X/H}]=-1.19$) is statistically indistinguishable from that at $z<1$ ($-1.18$) but differs significantly from $z>2.2$ ($-2.02$). This plateau is driven by the most diffuse absorbers ($16.4\leq \log N_{\rm HI}<17.2$), which reach their $z<1$ enrichment level by Cosmic Noon, whereas denser absorbers remain more metal-poor than their $z<1$ counterparts and continue to be enriched at later times. Unlike at $z>2.2$, no absorber falls below $[\rm{X/H}]=-3.5$, indicating no pristine CGM-like gas at Cosmic Noon. Absorbers in BRIDGE-I trace overdensities of $400\lesssim δ_b\lesssim2200$, higher than at $z>2.2$. Mean $N_{\rm HI}$ differs by a factor of 400 across absorber types, but mean total hydrogen column by only 2.5, as higher $N_{\rm HI}$ is offset by a higher neutral fraction. The absorber classes thus differ in ionization state and metallicity rather than the total gas content. A metallicity floor of $[\rm{X/H}]\sim-2.0$ emerges for $\log N_{\rm HI}>19.0$ absorbers, indicating that denser, more ISM-like gas is well mixed as a population, while more diffuse gas retains a metal-poor population that is not yet fully mixed.
发表机构
- University of Notre Dame(圣母大学)
- W.M. Keck Observatory(W.M.凯克天文台)
- European Southern Observatory(欧洲南方天文台)
- Aix Marseille Université(艾克斯-马赛大学)
- CNRS(法国国家科学研究中心)
- Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille(马赛天体物理学实验室)
- University of California(加利福尼亚大学)
- UCO/Lick Observatory(加州大学/利克天文台)
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe(Kavli宇宙物理与数学研究所)
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan(日本国立天文台)
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