发表机构
Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Department of Physics, Princeton University; Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics（中国科学院物理研究所; 普林斯顿大学物理系; 中国工程物理研究院研究生院）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文通过守恒律机制揭示纠缠挪用资源，证明电荷偏置可转化O(√L)可借纠缠，且扩散动力学在t^{1/4}尺度上增强该资源，即使熵饱和后仍持续激活挪用。
AI 中文摘要
纠缠挪用探讨的是：通过局域操作与经典通信，能从多体态中借出多少纠缠，同时以较小的误差将该态归还。我们发现了一种守恒律机制，该机制在Schmidt谱的对数Schmidt秩坐标下重新分配主导概率质量，从而控制这一操作性资源。对于固定U(1)电荷的典型随机纯态，我们证明了一个有限误差转换定律：在半填充之外，电荷偏置将O(√L)的电荷涨落转化为O(√L)的可借出纠缠，而半填充时的粒子-空穴对称性则完全消除了这一贡献。随后，我们展示了该资源如何在电荷守恒随机电路中动态发展。结合流体力学分析与大规模复制张量网络计算，我们发现扩散在t^{1/4}尺度上拓宽了对数Schmidt秩坐标下操作性相关的分布，并增加了可借出的纠缠量。因此，在领先的体积律熵饱和之后，电荷输运仍会继续重组纠缠谱并激活纠缠挪用。
英文摘要
Entanglement embezzlement asks how much entanglement can be borrowed from a many-body state by local operations and classical communication while returning that state with a small error. We uncover a conservation-law mechanism that redistributes the dominant probability mass of the Schmidt spectrum in the logarithmic Schmidt-rank coordinate and thereby controls this operational resource. For typical random pure states at fixed U(1) charge, we prove a finite-error conversion law: away from half filling, the charge bias converts $O(\sqrt L)$ charge fluctuations into $O(\sqrt L)$ borrowable entanglement, whereas particle--hole symmetry at half filling removes this contribution entirely. We then show how the resource develops dynamically in charge-conserving random circuits. Combining hydrodynamic analysis with large-scale replica tensor-network calculations, we find that diffusion broadens the operationally relevant distribution in the logarithmic Schmidt-rank coordinate on the scale $t^{1/4}$ and increases the amount of entanglement that can be borrowed. Charge transport therefore continues to reorganize the entanglement spectrum and activate embezzlement after the leading volume-law entropy has saturated.
Comments4.5 pages, 3 figures with references and supplemental materials
