发表机构
Columbia University; Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology; New York University（哥伦比亚大学; 内蒙古科技大学; 纽约大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
针对经典电缆理论忽略电磁效应的局限，提出耦合麦克斯韦-电缆框架，结合FDTD与扩展神经元动力学，修正分支点阻抗匹配，揭示感应效应降低传导失败临界半径并偏离√d缩放定律，为复杂神经元电动力学信号传导提供多物理场工具。
AI 中文摘要
经典电缆理论忽略了磁感应、洛伦兹力和瞬态电磁（EM）电流，限制了其在分支神经元几何结构中动作电位传播的准确性。我们开发了一个耦合的麦克斯韦-电缆框架，该框架将麦克斯韦方程的时域有限差分（FDTD）解与扩展的霍奇金-赫胥黎和菲茨休-南云动力学相结合，包括磁门控、电磁跨膜电流 $I_{\text{EM}}$ 以及针对细段的量子修正。在不对称和对称轴突分叉中的受控模拟表明，感应效应降低了传导失败的临界分支半径，并在横向磁场下打破了相同子分支的对称性。我们引入了一个电磁修正的几何比率 $GR_{\text{EM}}$，该比率修正了分支点的阻抗匹配并捕捉了尺寸依赖的轴向电流不平衡。当包含电磁反馈和量子效应时，母轴突的传导速度显著偏离 $\sqrt{d}$ 缩放定律，导致在大直径处早期阻滞。总体而言，准静态模型低估了电磁修正对速度、波形和传输保真度的影响；我们的框架为复杂神经元结构中的电动力学信号传导提供了一个多物理场工具。
英文摘要
Classical cable theory neglects magnetic induction, Lorentz forces, and transient electromagnetic (EM) currents, limiting its accuracy for action potential propagation in branched neuronal geometries. We develop a coupled Maxwell-cable framework that integrates finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) solutions of Maxwell's equations with extended Hodgkin-Huxley and Fitzhugh-Nagumo dynamics, including magnetic gating, EM transmembrane currents $I_{\text{EM}}$, and quantum corrections for thin segments. Controlled simulations in asymmetric and symmetric axonal bifurcations show that inductive effects lower the critical branch radius for conduction failure and break symmetry in identical daughter branches under transverse magnetic fields. We introduce an EM-corrected geometric ratio $GR_{\text{EM}}$ that revises branch-point impedance matching and captures size-dependent axial current imbalances. Parent axon conduction velocity deviates significantly from the $\sqrt{d}$ scaling law when EM feedback and quantum effects are included, leading to early blockage at large diameters. Overall, quasi-static models underestimate EM corrections to speed, waveform, and transmission fidelity; our framework offers a multi-physics tool for electrodynamic signaling in complex neuronal architectures.
