未来缪子物理实验：缪子束流与实验装置
Future Muon Physics Experiments: Muon Beams and Experimental Apparatus
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文综述全球缪子束流设施及三类实验（CLFV搜索、精密测量、缪子散射）所需装置，强调束流控制与探测技术以达成下一代灵敏度。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
缪子是精密与强度前沿基础物理研究的强大探针。我们回顾了全球缪子束流设施的现状与计划升级，以及三个实验类别所需的实验装置。带电轻子味破坏（CLFV）搜索通过稀有缪子衰变、核内缪子-电子转换以及缪子素-反缪子素转换来检验带电轻子味守恒。缪子磁偶极矩和电偶极矩的精密测量、缪子素光谱学和缪子原子光谱学检验了标准模型和束缚态量子电动力学（QED），并确定基本常数以及核电荷和磁化分布。缪子散射项目包括通过MUonE测定强子真空极化、通过NA64μ缺失动量搜索不可见暗扇区，以及分阶段的PKMu项目，该项目研究亲缪子暗物质、轻媒介子、轻子味破坏（LFV）缪子-电子过程以及共振湮灭中的原子效应。我们强调束流强度、时间结构、纯度和相空间控制，以及束线和探测器设计、本底抑制和实现下一代灵敏度与精度所需的实验技术。
英文摘要
Muons are powerful probes of fundamental physics at the precision and intensity frontiers. We review the status and planned upgrades of muon-beam facilities worldwide, together with the experimental apparatus required across three experimental categories. Charged-lepton flavor violation (CLFV) searches test charged-lepton flavor conservation through rare muon decays, muon-to-electron conversion in nuclei, and muonium--antimuonium conversion. Precision measurements of the muon magnetic and electric dipole moments, muonium spectroscopy, and muonic-atom spectroscopy test the Standard Model and bound-state QED and determine fundamental constants and nuclear charge and magnetization distributions. Muon-scattering programs include the MUonE determination of hadronic vacuum polarization, NA64$μ$ missing-momentum searches for invisible dark sectors, and the phased PKMu program, which investigates muonphilic dark matter, light mediators, LFV muon--electron processes, and atomic effects in resonant annihilation. We emphasize the beam intensity, timing, purity, and phase-space control, as well as beamline and detector design, background suppression, and experimental techniques needed to achieve next-generation sensitivity and precision.
