发表机构
Kyoto University; Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo(京都大学; 东京大学宇宙线研究所神冈观测站; 东京大学前沿研究机构宇宙物理与数学柯尔维特研究所)
机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
利用超级神冈探测器0.401兆吨·年数据,结合注意力机制的CNN搜索三核子衰变,得到寿命下限4.2×10^32年,较此前提高六个数量级。
AI 中文摘要
我们报告了三核子衰变模式 $^{16}\text{O}(ppp) \rightarrow ^{13}\text{C} \pi^+ \pi^+ e^+$ 的一个新的部分寿命下限,为 $4.2 \times 10^{32}$ 年。该结果来自使用超级神冈探测器进行的搜索,曝光量为 0.401 兆吨·年,涵盖五个运行时期(SK-I:1996--2001,SK-II:2002--2005,SK-III:2006--2008,SK-IV:2008--2018,SK-V:2019--2020)。这一结果比之前的实验约束提高了六个数量级。分析采用了结合注意力机制的卷积神经网络(CNN)——一种使模型能够聚焦于切伦科夫环图案中最相关区域的计算技术——以增强事件分类,从而提高搜索的灵敏度。这是CNN首次应用于超级神冈实验的核子衰变搜索。此外,超级神冈(以下简称“SK”)中可用的大型数据集增强了研究的统计能力,使得约束比先前实验所设定的更为严格。
英文摘要
We report a new partial lifetime limit of $4.2 \times 10^{32}$ years for the trinucleon decay mode $^{16}\text{O}(ppp) \rightarrow ^{13}\text{C} π^+ π^+ e^+$, obtained from a search conducted using the Super-Kamiokande detector with 0.401 megaton-years of exposure across five operational periods (SK-I: 1996--2001, SK-II: 2002--2005, SK-III: 2006--2008, SK-IV: 2008--2018, SK-V: 2019--2020). This represents an improvement of six orders of magnitude over previous experimental constraints. The analysis utilizes a convolutional neural network (CNN) incorporating an attention mechanism---a computational technique that enables the model to focus on the most relevant regions of Cherenkov ring patterns---to enhance event classification, thereby improving the sensitivity of the search. This is the first application of a CNN to a nucleon decay search in Super-Kamiokande. Furthermore, the large dataset available in Super-Kamiokande (hereafter "SK") strengthens the statistical power of the study, enabling a more stringent constraint than those set by prior experiments.
Comments20 pages, 13 figures, 7 tables; v2: author affiliation corrected