发表机构
Weizmann Institute of Science; University of California at Santa Barbara; International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research（魏茨曼科学研究所; 加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校; 塔塔基础研究院国际理论科学中心）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
针对单仪器灵敏度限制微弱高能暂现源探测的问题，提出联合多探测器触发信息并计算联合关联概率的框架，应用于Fermi/GBM与Swift/BAT数据，可将短伽马暴可及体积提升达60%。
AI 中文摘要
在高能暂现源的探测中，微弱信号的识别在时域天文学和多信使天文学中日益重要，尤其是对于识别双中子星并合、高能中微子事件及其他弱暂现现象对应的电磁对应体。目前，伽马射线和硬X射线搜索的灵敏度往往受限于单个仪器的探测阈值，导致单任务分析无法触及大量微弱暂现源。为解决这一局限，我们开发了一个联合探测框架，该框架结合多个探测器的触发信息，并为每个候选体分配一个联合关联概率$p_{\ ext{joint}}$，该概率是各探测器信噪比的函数。我们将此框架应用于2013年至2025年的Fermi/GBM和Swift/BAT存档计数率数据。该方法能有效区分符合信号与偶然背景关联，抑制不一致的符合事件，同时增强两个仪器观测到的微弱事件的显著性。我们发现，在最优条件下，双任务搜索可将短伽马射线暴的可及体积增加高达60%。该框架为广义多任务搜索提供了实用基础，能够更灵敏地探索微弱的暂现源天空，并提高未来多信使发现的前景。
英文摘要
The detection of faint high-energy transients is becoming increasingly important in time-domain and multi-messenger astronomy, particularly for identifying electromagnetic counterparts to binary neutron star mergers, high-energy neutrino events, and other weak transient phenomena. At present, the sensitivity of gamma-ray and hard X-ray searches is often limited by the detection threshold of individual instruments, leaving a population of faint transients inaccessible to single-mission analyses. To address this limitation, we develop a joint detection framework that combines trigger information from multiple detectors and assigns each candidate a joint association probability, $p_{\text{joint}}$, as a function of the individual detector signal-to-noise ratios. We apply this framework to archival Fermi/GBM and Swift/BAT rates data from 2013-2025. The method effectively separates coincident signals from accidental background associations, suppressing inconsistent coincidences while enhancing the significance of faint events observed by both instruments. We find that, under optimal conditions, a two-mission search can increase the accessible volume for short gamma-ray bursts by up to $60\%$. This framework provides a practical foundation for generalized multi-mission searches, enabling more sensitive exploration of the faint high-energy transient sky and improving the prospects for future multi-messenger discoveries.
